Chest pain: main causes

(chest pain) is a common symptom. In many cases, chest pain can be caused by heart disease, and this makes it especially serious. However, the list of causes of chest pain is much wider. This area contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, large vessels, bones and muscles - and any of these organs can be a source of pain. Chest pain can also be caused by the diaphragm and abdominal organs, primarily the stomach. Finally, pain can be caused by problems in other organs, and its localization in the chest is explained by the complex arrangement of nerves and muscles.

Possible nature of chest pain - what you should pay attention to

Chest pain can be aching, stabbing, shooting, squeezing, burning. In some cases it can be acute, intense, even intolerable.

It is important where exactly the pain is localized. Usually the pain can be quite clearly localized as follows:

• in one half of the chest - right or left. Sometimes the localization of pain can be more specific, for example, in the ribs;
• behind the sternum. Pain behind the sternum, especially when it hurts both behind the sternum and to the left of it, is characteristic of heart disease;
• just below the sternum (in the epigastric region). Such pain is typical for diseases of the digestive tract (stomach or esophagus).

Chest pain without a clear localization may indicate lung cancer or tuberculosis.

Chest pain may be accompanied by symptoms such as:

• shortness of breath, difficulty breathing;
• cough, increased body temperature;
• weakness, cold sweat;
• belching, heartburn, nausea, vomiting;
• changes in blood pressure.

The distribution of pain is also important for diagnosis. The pain may radiate to the arm. This type of pain is observed with myocardial infarction and osteochondrosis.

Preventive measures

The physiological processes that occur in the mammary glands are embedded in the genetic code. Therefore, prevention of tissue edema is impossible. Moderate exercise helps normalize carbohydrate metabolism. This is a guarantee that hormonal imbalance will not occur. It is worth limiting your use of:

• soy;
• potatoes;
• flax;
• asparagus;
• wheat;
• dates.

These products pose a threat to normal metabolism.

Causes

Chest pain due to heart disease

Chest pain is a characteristic symptom of heart disease. It is observed, in particular, when:

• coronary heart disease (caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle). The most common form of coronary artery disease is angina pectoris, which manifests itself in the form of discomfort, a feeling of heaviness or compressive pain behind the sternum and to the left of it. An attack of pain is usually provoked by physical activity or emotional stress. The duration of the attack usually ranges from several minutes to half an hour. Relief occurs after taking nitroglycerin. The pain may be accompanied by shortness of breath, radiating to the left arm, under the shoulder blade, and the left half of the lower jaw;
• acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is also a form of coronary heart disease that requires immediate medical attention. The pain during myocardial infarction is very intense and has a compressive, pressing or bursting character. It is observed behind the sternum and to the left of it, and can radiate to the left arm, under the shoulder blade, to the left side of the neck and lower jaw. The pain is accompanied by shortness of breath, fear of death, weakness, and cold sweat may appear. The pain lasts more than 15-30 minutes (i.e. longer than during an attack of angina) and is not relieved by nitroglycerin. If you suspect a myocardial infarction, you should immediately call an ambulance;
• pericarditis (inflammation of the outer lining of the heart - the pericardium). In this case, the pain may be constant or intermittent. It is usually localized behind the sternum. The pain increases when lying down, and decreases if you lean forward;
• myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). Myocarditis occurs most often as a complication of an infectious disease. With myocarditis, chest pain is combined with fever and shortness of breath;
• mitral valve prolapse. In most cases, this disease is asymptomatic, but sometimes there is pain in the left side of the chest, which may be accompanied by a feeling of shortness of breath, a feeling of rapid or slow heartbeat, dizziness and fainting.

Chest pain due to respiratory diseases

Chest pain can occur with diseases such as:

• pleurisy (inflammation of the membrane of the lung - pleura). In case of pleurisy, the pain is usually acute and one-sided. Intensifies with deep breaths, laughter, and movement. The pain intensifies when bending to the healthy side. The pain decreases if you lie on the side where it hurts. Chest pain is combined with other symptoms - fever, chills, weakness, cough;
• pneumonia (pneumonia). Chest pain with pneumonia is a concomitant symptom that occurs against a background of cough and fever. The pain is usually one-sided - corresponds to the side on which inflammation develops. The nature of the pain is sharp or aching;
• bronchitis;
• tracheitis;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• lungs' cancer.

Chest pain due to diseases of the digestive tract

Pain in the chest area can be caused by diseases such as:

• stomach ulcer. With a stomach ulcer, the pain is usually described as “burning.” It is localized in the epigastric region and can radiate to the left half of the chest. Occurs after eating;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease (reflux of stomach contents back into the esophagus). Acidic or alkaline contents irritate the lining of the esophagus, causing bloating and severe pain in the epigastric region and the left side of the chest. An attack can be triggered by eating too much at night, strong coffee, or alcohol abuse. In addition to chest pain, heartburn and belching may occur;
• hiatal hernia. In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic. In some cases, aching or burning pain behind the sternum and in the epigastric region may be observed. Pain usually occurs after eating in a horizontal position. May be accompanied by hiccups, heartburn, belching, and sometimes vomiting (in obese women).

Other Possible Causes of Chest Pain

Chest pain can also be caused by:

• osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine. Pain with osteochondrosis can be similar to an angina attack and can radiate to the shoulder blade, arm, or shoulder. Sometimes there is numbness in the hand. Another option for pain with osteochondrosis is lumbago. It is provoked by turns of the body, movement of the arms, prolonged exposure to a lying position (during night sleep);
• intercostal neuralgia. In this case, the pain is usually limited to one intercostal space. The nature of the pain is “shooting”;
• shingles. The disease is caused by one of the varieties of the herpes virus. The pain is intense, burning. After 7-10 days, blistering rashes appear along the affected nerves;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Which doctor should I contact for chest pain?

If you have chest pain, you should first consult a general practitioner - family doctor or therapist. It is he (and not the patient himself) who should draw up the examination plan. Your GP can refer you to:

• to a cardiologist - if there is reason to believe that the pain is caused by heart disease (localized behind the sternum and to the left of it, relieved with nitroglycerin, accompanied by shortness of breath, etc.);
• see a pulmonologist if you suspect pneumonia or pleurisy (if pain is accompanied by cough and fever);
• to a gastroenterologist - if you suspect diseases of the esophagus and stomach (if the pain is accompanied by belching, heartburn, or occurs after eating);
• see a neurologist in case of “shooting” pain.

Why do my breasts hurt before my period?

Breast development in girls occurs between the ages of 11 and 14 years. Under the influence of changes in the level of estrogen hormones in the blood plasma, the gradual growth of parenchymal and stromal tissues begins, from which the mammary glands are formed. Breasts will be fully formed around the age of 21. It should be noted that in about 90% of girls and women, as a rule, the mammary glands have an asymmetrical shape; they usually differ slightly in volume, size and location. The left gland is usually slightly larger than the right.

But even after the breast has already fully formed, various changes occur in its tissues all the time, for example, during lactation, menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. These processes are carried out under the influence of female hormones, the content of which in the blood determines the general condition of the body. Therefore, we can conclude: if the chest hurts slightly before the onset of menstruation, this is not a deviation from the norm.

You must listen carefully to your feelings. If you notice that your breasts have stopped hurting before your period, but previously you regularly experienced pain, then this may already indicate a developing pathological process.

In the second phase of the cycle, the breasts will become more sensitive. At the same time, proliferation occurs - a process when the amount of epithelium increases in the ducts and lobules of the mammary glands. Due to the fact that more blood begins to flow to the breast, it swells a little and increases in size. As a result, the girl may experience discomfort (pain, sensitivity, increased breast density). According to experts, these symptoms are mild if the woman is healthy.

What tests may be needed for chest pain?

If you complain of chest pain, the following may be prescribed to diagnose the disease:

• chest x-ray;
• computed tomography (MSCT chest);
• ECG;
• Holter monitoring (24-hour ECG monitoring);

stress tests (treadmill test);

• general blood test (allows you to determine the presence of inflammation);
• gastroscopy (if diseases of the esophagus or stomach are suspected).