List of diseases and list of human diseases from A to Z

List of diseases and list of human diseases from A to Z

Disease is a process that occurs as a result of exposure of the body to a harmful (extraordinary) irritant from the external or internal environment, characterized by a decrease in the adaptability of a living organism to the external environment while simultaneously mobilizing its protective forces. The disease is manifested by an imbalance of the body with the environment, expressed in the occurrence of adverse (inappropriate) reactions, and in a person - a decrease in his ability to work for the duration of the disease. Each disease is described in detail by our specialists in this section of the EUROLAB medical portal - here you can find general information about each disease, find out its causes and characteristic external signs , learn how to recognize a dangerous disease and what types of diagnostics and tests should be performed, and you can familiarize yourself with the stages disease , its consequences and complications on the body , methods of treatment and prevention of this disease in general, you will learn when and which doctors you should contact, you will be able to read doctors’ advice on caring for yourself, as well as the doctor .

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Eye diseases in humans: list, symptoms

The reason for this is many factors. For example, the rapid development of computer technology and the deterioration of the environmental situation every year. Next, we will consider the most common diseases, and also highlight their characteristic symptoms.

Pathology of the optic nerve

Glaucoma

- a chronic disease. Due to increased pressure inside the eyes, optic nerve dysfunction occurs. As a result, vision decreases, which may disappear in the future. The disease progresses very quickly, so the patient risks completely losing his vision if he delays going to the doctor. Signs: impaired lateral vision, black spots, “hazy” images, inability to distinguish objects in the dark, colored rings appear in bright light.

Ischemic optic neuropathy

– circulatory disorders in the intraocular or intraorbital region. Symptoms: decreased visual acuity, appearance of “blind” spots in some areas. Reducing viewing angle.

Ischemic neuropathy

Neuritis

- infection. An inflammatory process in the optic nerve is characteristic. Signs: loss of sensitivity in the area around the eye, pain, weakening of the muscles associated with the optic nerve.

Nerve atrophy

– a disease characterized by dysfunction of arousal conduction. Color perception and viewing angle are impaired. Vision decreases and a person can become completely blind.

Nerve atrophy

Pathology of the eye orbit, eyelids, lacrimal canals

Blepharitis

- inflammation that occurs along the edges of the eyelids. Symptoms: swelling of the tissue, accompanied by burning and redness. The patient feels as if a speck has gotten into his or her eye. There is itching and characteristic discharge. Bright light is difficult to perceive, tearing, pain. Dry eyes and peeling of the eyelid margins may occur. After sleep, purulent scabs form on the eyelashes.

Blepharitis

Cryptophthalmos

- a common disease in which the edges of the eyelids fuse together. This causes the palpebral fissure to narrow or even disappear.

Lagophthalmos

– a pathology characterized by a violation of the closure of the upper and lower eyelids. As a result, some areas remain open all the time, including during bedtime.

Turn of the century

– the place where eyelashes grow is turned towards the eye socket. This creates severe discomfort due to rubbing and irritation of the eyeball. Small ulcers may form on the cornea.

Turn of the century

Coloboma of the century

- disturbance in the structure of the eyelids. Usually occurs along with other morphological defects. For example, cleft palate or cleft lip.

Swelling of the eyelid

– localized accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues around the eyelid. Symptoms: local redness of the skin, discomfort. Eye pain worsens when touched.

Swelling of the eyelid

Blepharospasm

- looks like a convulsive contraction of the facial muscles, as if the person is quickly squinting his eyes. Not controlled by the will of the patient.

Ptosis

– drooping of the upper eyelid. Pathology is classified into several subtypes. In some cases, the eyelid droops so much that it completely covers the eyeball.

Ptosis

Barley

– an infectious disease of an inflammatory nature that occurs with pus discharge. Signs: swelling of the edges of the eyelids, redness and peeling. Pressing is accompanied by severe pain. Discomfort (feeling of a foreign object in the eye) and lacrimation are common. The acute form is characterized by signs of intoxication - loss of strength, fever, headache.

Barley

Trichiasis

– improper eyelash growth. The danger is that pathogens can easily enter the eyes. This provokes inflammation, conjunctivitis and other problems.

Dacryocystitis

– an infection of the tear duct that causes inflammation. There are several types of pathology: acute, chronic, acquired, congenital. Symptoms: painful sensations, the lacrimal sac is red and swollen, suppuration of the canals and constant tearing.

Dacryocystitis

Pathology of the tear-producing system

Dacryodenitis

- damage to the lacrimal glands. It occurs due to chronic pathologies, or due to infection entering the body. If there is a disruption in the functioning of the circulatory system, the disease can take a chronic form. Symptoms: the upper eyelid becomes red and swollen. In some cases, the apple of the eye protrudes. If dacryodenitis is not treated, the inflammation spreads, ulcers form, a high temperature rises, and general malaise appears.

Dacryoadenitis

Lacrimal gland cancer

– develops as a result of abnormal activity of gland cells. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. The second group includes, for example, sarcoma. Signs: pain in the eyes and head. Associated with an increase in formation that puts pressure on the nervous tissue. In some cases, the pressure is so strong that it causes delocalization of the eyeball, making it difficult for them to move. Additional symptoms include swelling and loss of vision.

Pathology of the connective membrane of the eye

Xerophthalmia

– an eye disease during which tears are produced less than normal. There are several reasons for this: chronic inflammatory processes, various injuries, tumors, long-term use of medications. Elderly people are at risk.

Conjunctivitis

- inflammation that occurs in the conjunctival mucosa. It can be allergic, infectious and fungal. All of these varieties are contagious. Infection occurs both through physical contact and through everyday objects.

Tumors of the conjunctiva

– appearing in the coal on the inner side of the mucosa (pterygium) and forming in the area of ​​​​the connection with the cornea (pinguecula).

Lens pathology

Cataract

– gradual clouding of the eye lens. The disease develops very quickly. It can affect one eye or both. In this case, either the entire lens or one part is damaged. The main category of patients is elderly people. It is this disease that can reduce vision in a very short time, even to the point of blindness. In young people, cataracts are possible due to injuries or somatic diseases. Symptoms: rapid loss of vision (this forces you to change lenses very often), inability to distinguish objects in the dark (“night blindness”), impaired color perception, eyes get tired quickly, and in rare cases, double vision.

Cataract

Lens abnormalities

– cataracts, bifaf, spherophakia, lens luxation, coloboma developing from birth.

Retinal pathology

Retinitis (retinal pigmentary dystrophy)

– a disease manifested by the occurrence of inflammation in various parts of the retina. The causes include injury to the organs of vision and prolonged exposure to sunlight. Symptoms: the normal field of vision narrows, visibility decreases, the image doubles, insufficient visibility at dusk, characteristic colored spots appear before the eyes.

Retinal detachment

– a pathology in which destruction of the retina is observed. Its inner layers begin to peel away from nearby epithelial tissues and blood vessels. In most cases it is treated surgically. Lack of treatment results in vision loss. Signs: “fog” before the eyes, distortion of the geometric shape of objects, sometimes flashes of light and bright sparks flash through.

Retinal detachment

Retinal angiopathy

– destruction of the structure of the choroid in the eyes. This disease is caused by physical trauma, high intraocular pressure, disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system, diseases of the circulatory system (arterial hypertension), poisoning, and pathological defects in the morphology of blood vessels. Symptoms: noticeable decline in vision, blurred vision, foreign flickers, image distortion. In the most severe cases, vision loss occurs.

Retinal dystrophy

– an extremely dangerous disease that can have a wide variety of causes. The tissue of the retina of the eye dies or decreases. This can happen if qualified assistance from specialists is not provided in a timely manner.

Corneal pathology

Keratitis

– an inflammatory process that affects the cornea of ​​the eye. As a result, clouding of the cornea and the occurrence of infiltrates. The cause may be an infection: viral, bacterial. Injuries can also trigger the development of the disease. Symptoms: lacrimation, redness of the mucous membrane of the eye, atypical sensitivity to bright light, the cornea loses its normal properties - shine, smoothness. If treatment is neglected, the infection spreads to other areas of the visual system.

Keratitis

Belmo

– formation of scar tissue on the cornea of ​​the eye, its persistent clouding. The cause is prolonged inflammatory processes in the body or injury.

Belmo

Corneal astigmatism (keratoconus)

– degeneration of the cornea, which occurs due to increased pressure inside the eye. This leads to a change in the shape of the cornea of ​​the eye. Symptoms: light fringe around the light bulbs, immediate decrease in vision in one of the eyes, myopia.

Keratoconus

Change in eye refraction

Myopia (myopia)

– a refractive error in the eye, in which a person has difficulty seeing distant objects. In case of myopia, the image is fixed in front of the retina. Signs: poor discrimination of distant objects, discomfort, rapid eye fatigue, pressing pain in the temples or forehead.

Myopia

Farsightedness (hypermetropia)

– a refractive error in which the image is read behind the retina, is the opposite of myopia. In this case, the patient has difficulty seeing both near and distant objects. Symptoms: very often there is blurriness before the eyes, sometimes the patient exhibits strabismus.

Farsightedness

Astigmatism

– the disease is characterized by the inability to focus light rays on the retina. Usually appears in people with physiological disorders of the visual organs: cornea, lens. Symptoms: blurred and unclear image, a person gets tired quickly, often complains of a headache; in order to see something, one has to strain the eye muscles.

Astigmatism

Other eye diseases

Nystagmus

– uncontrollable oscillatory movements of the eyeballs.

Lazy eye syndrome or amblyopia

– a pathology in which the eye, due to damage to its muscles, stops working and making movements.

Anisocoria

– difference in pupil size. Basically, it appears with all kinds of eye injuries. Involves acute sensitivity to light and decreased vision. Sometimes this pathology indicates a disruption in the functioning of one of the parts of the brain - the cerebellum.

Anisocoria

Episcleritis

- inflammation that forms in the episcleral tissue. First, redness appears near the cornea, then this area swells. Signs: feeling of discomfort, eyes hurt from bright light. There are discharges from the connective membrane. In most cases, episcleritis goes away on its own.

Episcleritis

Aniridia

– complete absence of the iris of the eye.

Aniridia

Polycoria

– an eye defect when a person has several pupils.

Polycoria

Ophthalmoplegia

– a disease when the nerves of the eye that are responsible for its movement cease to function correctly. This causes paralysis and the inability to rotate the eyeballs. Symptoms: eyes are turned to the nose, do not change this position.

Exophthalmos

– pathological exit of the eyeball beyond the orbit of the eye, occurs due to swelling of its tissue. In addition to the main symptoms, redness of the eyelids and pain when touching the inflamed area are noted.

Diplopia

– a disorder of the visual system, consisting of constant double vision of visible objects.