Composition and price of sodium chloride
Sodium chloride solution, or saline, is a colorless, salty liquid that has no distinct odor. There are 2 types of saline solution with different concentrations of NaCl: 0.9% isotonic, and 10% hypertonic.
Composition of the product per 1 liter:
| Sodium chloride | Distilled water | |
| Isotonic solution | 9 g | 1 l |
| Hypertonic solution | 100 g |
There are several forms of saline solution:
- ampoules of 1, 5, 10, 20 ml;
- bottles of 50, 100, 200, 250, 400, 500, 100 ml;
- packages of 250, 500, 1000 ml.
Storage conditions for sodium chloride: store in a dry place, out of reach of children and pets, at a temperature of +18 to +25 degrees. The shelf life of the product is 5 years.
The cost of the solution depends on the form of release, volume and manufacturer. Average prices are:
- In ampoules: 30-325 rubles.
- In bottles and bags: 25-60 rubles.
- Hypertonic saline: 80-220 rubles.
The drug is dispensed from pharmacies according to the prescription of the attending physician.
When to use
Sodium chloride solution has been successfully used:
- at the time of surgery and after surgery to maintain plasma volume;
- when the body is dehydrated, which is caused by various diseases;
- for severe bleeding, severe burns and dispensation to maintain plasma volume;
- to reduce intoxication when a dangerous infection enters the body;
- for washing eyes during inflammatory and infectious processes, allergies and injuries;
- for rinsing the nose during colds;
- for inhalation for respiratory diseases;
- for dissolving different drugs when used together for injection.
How is sodium chloride beneficial for the body?
Chlorinated sodium is present in blood plasma and tissue fluids of the human body. It is responsible for the stability of the osmotic pressure of intercellular fluid and blood. When there is a shortage of this substance, water leaves the vascular bed and passes into the interstitial fluid.
This provokes the following conditions:
- increased blood density;
- spasms of smooth, skeletal muscles;
- neurological pathologies;
- disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Infusion of saline solution returns the water-salt balance to normal, and also cleanses the body of toxins and breakdown products formed as a result of the activity of harmful bacteria.
External use of NaCl improves the secretion of pus, restores microflora, and destroys pathogenic microorganisms of various origins.
In addition, chlorinated sodium improves the absorption of medications. Patients are often placed on a drip with intravenous medications diluted with saline.
Sodium chloride solution for infusion 0.9% 500 ml bottle 1 pc. in Moscow
When carrying out any infusion, it is necessary to monitor the patient’s condition, clinical and biological indicators, it is especially important to evaluate blood plasma electrolytes.
In children, sodium excretion may slow down due to immature kidney function. Therefore, in such patients, repeated infusions should be carried out only after determining the concentration of sodium in the blood plasma.
If a hypersensitivity or infusion reaction occurs, the infusion should be stopped immediately and the necessary therapeutic measures taken as indicated.
Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, intravenous administration of the drug may pose a risk of hypervolemia and/or solute overload and electrolyte imbalance.
In patients with renal failure, the drug should be used with extreme caution or not used at all. Use of the drug in such patients may lead to sodium retention.
Use the solution only if it is transparent, does not contain visible mechanical inclusions, and the bottle and cap are not damaged.
Administer immediately after connecting to the infusion system. The solution should be administered using sterile equipment in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis. To prevent air from entering the infusion system, it should be filled with solution, releasing any remaining air from the container completely.
As with all parenteral solutions, the compatibility of added substances with the solution must be determined before reconstitution. Drugs known to be incompatible with it should not be used with sodium chloride solution 0.9%. A physician should determine the compatibility of added medicinal substances with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution by checking for possible color changes and/or the appearance of precipitates of insoluble complexes or crystals. Before addition, it is necessary to determine whether the substance being added is soluble and stable in water at the pH level of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. When adding a drug, it is necessary to determine the isotonicity of the resulting solution before administration. Before adding drugs to the solution, they must be thoroughly mixed in compliance with the rules; asepsis. The bottle is for single use only. The volumes of the drug remaining after use must be destroyed.
Freezing during transportation is allowed.
The bottle material does not contain polyvinyl chloride.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and machinery
Clinical studies have not been conducted to evaluate the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and operate machinery.
pharmachologic effect
Sodium chloride is used as a detoxification, rehydration and plasma replacement agent. Its use is accompanied by the following effects:
- normalization of water and salt balance;
- replenishment of Na and Cl deficiency;
- temporary increase in blood volume;
- increased urine output to cleanse the body.
Due to the improvement in the bioavailability of most drugs, saline solution is used in medicine as a means for diluting injection and infusion drugs.
It is incompatible or poorly compatible with the following medications:
- norepinephrine;
- corticosteroids;
- leukopoiesis stimulator Filgrastim;
- antibiotic Polymyxin B.
In case of arterial hypertension, sodium chloride should not be combined with Enapril and Spirapril: the use of saline solution reduces the hypotensive effect of these drugs.
The saline solution has an osmotic pressure similar to the human blood environment, and therefore is quickly eliminated from the body. Already 1 hour after using the dropper, less than half of the product remains in the body.
Sodium chloride - what is it?
Therapeutic saline solution is considered an excellent conductor of electricity. Thanks to it, the water-electrolyte and alkaline balance is maintained.
The preparation of saline solution is quite simple - add table salt little by little to distilled water until the required concentration is obtained. The main thing is to introduce the salt in portions so that it completely dissolves, so that a precipitate does not form.
In some cases, the body may not have enough sodium chloride. Its deficiency can be caused by:
- frequent vomiting;
- severe burn;
- large loss of fluid;
- gastrointestinal tract infection;
- cholera;
- hyponatremia.
Why is saline solution prescribed?
Saline solution is administered intravenously in the form of infusions when indicated:
- Severe and critical dehydration of the body, disturbance of water-salt balance.
- Reduced plasma volume with large blood losses, dyspepsia, severe burns, diabetic coma.
- Carrying out surgical procedures, postoperative period.
- Intoxication of the body due to infections and poisonings of various origins.
- Epigastric, ileocecal, pulmonary bleeding.
- Digestive pathologies: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chronic and acute constipation.
- Lack of Na and Cl in the body.
When introducing droppers of saline solution with additional components, the list of indications expands.
Instructions for use for dropper
Before introducing sodium chloride inside, it must be heated to a temperature of 36-38 degrees. The dosage of the drug is calculated individually, based on the patient’s condition, medical history, age and weight.
The average daily dosage of the drug varies in the following values:
- Adults: 500-3000 ml.
- During pregnancy: 300-1200 ml.
- Children: 20-100 ml per kg of weight.
Important!
To instantly replenish the lack of Na and Cl, 100 ml is administered once. The average dropper speed is 540 ml/h. The hypertonic solution is injected in a stream.
For dilution and drip administration of other drugs, from 50 to 250 ml of physiological solution per dose of the drug is used.
Saline solution for inhalation for respiratory diseases
Most people associate a drug such as saline solution exclusively with a dropper or intramuscular injection. This is not surprising, since most often many encounter it after surgery or during illness. But the benefits and scope of use of saline solution are not limited to this.
First, it’s worth understanding what saline solution is and why it’s even called that. Saline solution is nothing more than a solution of ordinary table salt. The pharmacy most often sells exactly a 0.9 percent solution of sodium chloride (the same salt). This raises the question: since this is simple salt, which every person has at home, does that mean you can prepare a saline solution yourself? Of course, you can: to do this, ten grams of salt should be diluted in one liter of boiled water, brought to a boil and cooled. But the solution obtained in this way can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day - after all, it was not prepared under sterile conditions. And the output volume is quite large, which is not always necessary. Therefore, it is easier and safer to purchase such a solution at the pharmacy - especially since it costs pennies. Saline solution is produced both in ampoules (five, ten, twenty milliliters) and in bottles (one hundred, two hundred, four hundred and thousand milliliters).
This solution is called physiological because its composition, that is, the concentration of table salt in it, almost corresponds to its concentration in human blood plasma. Thus, this solution is physiological, that is, natural for the human body. It is for this reason that it is administered after operations, and many medications are also diluted with it.
But saline solution also has a very useful function, which will be discussed further.
It is used for inhalation in the fight against respiratory diseases. For such inhalations to be effective, you need to purchase a nebulizer - a special device with which the solution is sprayed into smaller particles and allows them to penetrate deeper into the respiratory tract (which allows you to achieve quick results).
It is also worth noting that conventional steam procedures and the use of saline solution do not make any sense: when the solution boils, water vapor is formed, and the beneficial salt turns into sediment.
The benefit of saline solution during inhalation is due, firstly, to its ability to moisturize - which facilitates the passage of sputum when coughing. Secondly, the salt included in its composition is capable of destroying pathogenic bacteria and is a natural antiseptic. In addition, saline solution is not capable of causing allergies, so it is especially often used for inhalation in children.
You can also add other medications to the saline solution to enhance the effect of treatment, but only as prescribed by your doctor! Even seemingly harmless essential oils should be treated with caution, as when sprayed into the respiratory tract they form an oily film that prevents the discharge of mucus and subsequent recovery.
The inhalation procedure itself requires about three to four milliliters of saline solution (plus medicine, if prescribed by the doctor). The solution is poured into a special nebulizer container according to the instructions for using the device. Inhalation involves inhaling steam through a nebulizer tube. The duration of the procedure depends on age: for children 1-2 minutes no more than twice a day, for adults - 4-5 minutes three times a day.
The duration of the general course of treatment with such inhalations is determined depending on the improvement of the condition. But since this procedure certainly cannot cause harm (if the recommendations described above are followed), inhalation with saline solution can be continued until the desired result is achieved.
Author of the article: practicing physician Natalya Eduardovna Starshinina.
Side effects
Rare negative effects that occur with prolonged or heavy use of sodium chloride include:
- In neurology: anxiety, severe headaches, dizziness, increased sweating, weakness, constant feeling of thirst.
- In gastroenterology: stomach cramps, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
- In gynecology: failures in the circulatory system, delays, dysmenorrhea.
- In cardiology: increased heart rate, arrhythmia, high blood pressure.
- In dermatology: dermatitis, acne.
- In hematology: anemia, hypokalemia.
- In endocrinology: increased acidity of the body, edema.
If such complications occur, the administration of saline solution is stopped, and the patient is given assistance to eliminate the side effects.
Contraindications for intravenous administration
Infusion of saline solution is prohibited for the following pathologies:
- swelling of the lungs and brain;
- pathologies of the kidneys and heart muscle;
- abundance of Na and Cl, lack of K in the body;
- extracellular hyperhydration;
- dehydration inside the cell;
- taking large doses of corticosteroid drugs.
A dropper with saline solution is a quick and effective way to replenish blood volume in the body, restore water-salt balance, and cleanse toxins. To prevent the product from causing a negative reaction, it should be used exclusively under the supervision of a physician.
