Allergy on the face in the form of red spots is a common problem with which patients often turn to dermatologists. To clarify the exact cause of this condition most often requires time and a number of additional studies. To alleviate the condition of allergic dermatitis, modern antiallergic drugs are used, which include Cetrin.
Symptoms
It is quite easy to suspect an allergic reaction in yourself or your child. In addition to the presence of an allergic rash on the face, the following complaints are noted:
- Severe itching or burning;
- Dryness, flaking of the skin;
- Swelling of the eyelids, lips;
- lacrimation;
- Itching and redness of the eyes.
The rash itself may be in the form of red spots or blisters filled with transparent contents. Sometimes an allergic rash looks like small grouped dots that rise above the surface of the skin. If the rash appears after consuming any product, then symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain1.
Color of the skin
Look to see if any changes have appeared on your face, such as swelling or hyperpigmentation. Skin color is very important in assessing health.
Straw color.
If you have a straw complexion, you need to do a biochemical blood test. The symptom often signals a vitamin B12 deficiency.
B12 deficiency is obvious if a set of symptoms is present:
- lips have a straw tint;
- epigastric pain occurs;
- there is a burning sensation of the tongue;
- depression is present.
B12 deficiency can be expressed not only by a discolored complexion, but also by other symptoms.
Gray complexion.
A grayish tint to the face appears in people with chronic lung disease and in smokers. However, in the latter, chronic lung pathology occurs most often.
Smokers should regularly undergo spirometry testing to diagnose the disease. And if your skin color has taken on a gray tint, you need to get checked immediately.
Paleness of the skin.
Pale facial skin indicates anemia or low blood pressure. The condition is especially noticeable with temporary drops in pressure.
Redness.
If the face turns red, this may indicate pressure surges. When it comes to experiencing strong emotions, the problem is temporary and does not pose a danger.
With constant redness of the face with simultaneous redness of the conjunctiva, a comprehensive diagnosis is required, including a set of specialized cardiological studies. Such symptoms are caused by vascular diseases and heart problems.
But redness in the form of symmetrical spots on the nose and cheeks, resembling the shape of a butterfly, is one of the initial manifestations of lupus, one of the most dangerous and formidable kidney diseases.
Hyperpigmentation spots
. If the spots are brown and appear randomly, mainly on the forehead and cheeks, these are rather symptoms of impaired liver function. A blood test should be done for so-called liver tests.
In this case, it is recommended to exclude from the diet:
- coffee and alcohol;
- fats;
- spicy spices;
- foods with saturated and trans fats.
If the spots are symmetrical and appear on the upper lip, then the condition often indicates hormonal disorders.
Causes
The main reasons for the appearance of red spots on the skin of the face:
- Direct skin contact with an allergen (cream, face mask, decorative cosmetics, soap, jewelry, etc.);
- Food allergies;
- Allergy to medications;
- Allergy to sun or cold;
- Eczema1.
To prevent the appearance of a rash in the future, it is necessary to accurately determine the cause of the allergy and eliminate contact with this substance.
How to quickly lighten or conceal
This is only possible if you use an effective integrated approach. That is, here it is necessary to combine competent home care and post-acne treatment from a cosmetologist, and you also need to take the necessary preventive measures.
Cosmetic and therapeutic products provide noticeable positive results, including:
- retinol;
- soft acids;
- keratolytics;
- natural ingredients, including badyagu and arnica.
However, they must be used with caution. Skin with acne scars is sensitive and needs delicate and competent care; active components of cosmetics can only aggravate the situation. In particular, it is important to remember that retinol is UV sensitive and should not be used if you plan to go out in the sun. That is why it is not recommended to get rid of this problem on your own, but should be done under the supervision and control of a doctor.
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis rashes are most often localized on the hands or face. An allergic reaction can be triggered by:
- Skin care products. It is important to pre-test creams, masks, lotions and other new products by applying a small amount of product to the inner surface of the forearm for 15-20 minutes.
- Decorative cosmetics. Contains a large number of coloring pigments, fragrances and preservatives. People with sensitive skin prone to dryness and irritation are more prone to allergic reactions.
- Plant pollen. When pollen from plants to which a person is allergic comes into contact with the skin, a rash, itching and other unpleasant symptoms may appear.
Red spots may appear either immediately after contact with the allergen or after some time (usually within 24-48 hours). If you find the cause of the allergy in time and stop using the inappropriate product, then no negative health consequences will be noted.
Facial swelling
A slight swelling of the facial tissues, which persists constantly, most often indicates the initial stage of an endocrine disease - hypothyroidism. Pigmentation quickly disappears after taking thyroid hormone - thyroxine.
Mild and persistent swelling of the face, which is accompanied by shortness of breath and swelling of the legs, usually in the ankles, as well as frequent getting up at night to go to the toilet, indicates circulatory failure and poor heart function.
When swelling of the face is accompanied by pallor, and visits to the toilet are very frequent, but urination is scanty, kidney disease can be suspected.
It is very dangerous when fluid accumulates only in the upper lip. If the swelling is accompanied by a feeling of tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, then this is an allergic reaction - Quincke's edema!
The condition can become a serious threat to life. In this case, an ambulance is needed.
Allergies to foods and medications
Food allergies on the face are quite common, especially in children. The most allergenic foods are peanuts, eggs, seafood, citrus fruits, and dairy products. However, in the presence of individual intolerance, an allergy can develop to any other food product.
Main symptoms:
- blotchy rash on the face or body;
- Severe itching;
- Peeling of the skin;
- Nausea, vomiting;
- Stool disorders;
- Abdominal pain.
Another important problem is drug allergies. An allergic reaction may occur to a medicine in the form of a tablet, injection, or ointment. Allergies to antibiotics, antiseptics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common. The symptoms are the same as those of a food allergy. In severe cases, complications such as angioedema or anaphylactic shock may develop2. You need to know what drugs you are allergic to and warn doctors or medical staff about it.
How to diagnose allergies
The main difficulty is to distinguish it from a skin disease. Rashes should not be a reason for panic, but a prerequisite for examination. To prevent exacerbation and speed up the process of identifying causes, it is necessary:
- try to independently identify the allergen by eliminating cosmetics or products from everyday use, doing this gradually in order to replace the changes in time;
- take an antihistamine that has already been used as prescribed by a doctor;
- Remove all alcohol-based external care products from use.
After such measures, it will be much easier to determine how to relieve an allergic reaction on the face and alleviate the general condition.
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Allergy to sun or cold
Natural factors can also cause the development of allergic reactions. Photoallergy or sun allergy most often occurs in the warm season - from late spring to early autumn. Sometimes an allergic rash is confused with sunburn, but the allergic nature of the disease is characterized by severe itching, the appearance of small, white pustules, and spotty red rashes even after a short stay in the open sun. In such cases, you need to apply sunscreen, protect exposed skin with clothing made from natural fabrics, and wear a hat3.
Allergy to cold or cold urticaria also occurs. During the cold season, red itchy rashes, peeling, and a feeling of tightness appear on the skin of the face and hands. Symptoms may persist for several hours or several days after exposure to the cold. Typically, allergies develop at temperatures from 10 degrees below zero, but it also happens at temperatures close to zero.
How to prevent acne
To remove acne and red post-acne, remove traces, treatments in cosmetology and therapy turn out to be very effective. However, in many cases it is easier to prevent the formation of acne and subsequent complications:
- balance your diet, exclude fatty foods, limit your consumption of sugar, tonic drinks, and canned foods;
- use cosmetics suitable for your skin type;
- do not overuse makeup;
- do not squeeze pimples;
- consult a dermatologist.
Eczema
Eczema is an inflammatory skin disease that tends to be chronic and relapsing. Often the symptoms of eczema are confused with allergic reactions, since the rashes can be similar in appearance. Eczema is characterized by the appearance of bright red spots and swelling of the skin. Grouped bubbles with transparent contents appear on a red background, after which crusts form.
The occurrence of the disease is associated with mechanical damage to the skin, microbial or fungal infection, and occupational hazards. Complex immune reactions characteristic of allergies also take part in the development of pathology.
What causes pigment spots to appear on the face after sunbathing?
Most manifestations of hyperpigmentation occur after the negative effects of ultraviolet rays. Among those that immediately appear are freckles, various melasma and chloasma. There are also those that have a cumulative effect, for example, lentigo.
Also, if during the summer vacation there were inflammatory processes in open areas of the body, most likely after they heal, a change in shade can be clearly observed.
Prolonged exposure to the hot sun with the presence of existing tumors and increased pigmentation can be fraught with the degeneration of harmless spots into aggressive cancer - melanoma. Therefore, you should limit your tanning time and use special cosmetics for protection.
Treatment
Treatment for facial allergies must include a safe and effective antihistamine3. Cetrin is widely used for seasonal allergies and various forms of allergic dermatitis. The main active ingredient of the drug is cetirizine hydrochloride, which is a histamine antagonist. The advantages of the drug include:
- Quick effect. Onset of action 20 minutes after administration.
- Duration of action. The drug is taken once a day and is effective for 24 hours.
- Good tolerance. Cetrin is well tolerated by patients and causes less drowsiness than first-generation drugs1.
The drug helps eliminate itching, swelling, and redness of the skin. Available in tablet form, approved for use in children over 6 years of age. If you suspect an allergic rash, taking Cetrin is a simple, safe way to make you feel better before you can see a doctor.
Forms and complications of seborrheic dermatitis
There are pediatric and adult forms of seborrheic dermatitis.
Sometimes the disease is associated with psoriasis (seborrheic psoriasis).
The severity of the disease varies from mild dandruff to severe erythroderma. Dandruff affects the scalp in the hair growth area. In 70% of children, seborrheic dermatitis usually appears by 3 months of age and resolves spontaneously by 6-12 months.
In adults, seborrheic dermatitis begins in adolescence. Predominant in young and elderly people. More often affects men.
Age spots and peeling
Melanin accumulation occurs in the upper layers of the epidermis. In order to remove unaesthetic problems, products that stimulate the renewal of the dermis are used. The most effective peelings are: chemical, mechanical, laser. They promote the regeneration of epidermal cells, forcing keratinocytes to produce new ones as quickly as possible, which will not have a large accumulation of coloring pigment. When eliminating the root causes of hyperpigmentation, there is a chance that you will forget about various spots for a long time.
Lentigo
The phenomenon is popularly known as “senile ripples.” Appears in older people in areas of the body that have been exposed to intense ultraviolet rays throughout their lives. The pigment usually appears on the arms from the hands to the top of the shoulders, upper back, décolleté, and face. It is distinguished by its small size, different diameters and chaotic arrangement of spots.
The first manifestations can be noticed after 40 years; they noticeably age the appearance, so many people at this stage turn to cosmetologists to eliminate the defect. During menopause, hormonal changes lead to an increase in the amount of pigment. Chemical, mechanical and laser peels are used for treatment. Cosmetics and whitening creams will not cope with the problem.
