Therapeutic nutrition for acute intestinal infections in children

In this article we will tell you:

1. What is diarrhea, symptoms and possible causes
2. The danger of diarrhea when a person needs medical attention
3. Basics of proper nutrition for diarrhea
4. Pros and cons of diet for diarrhea
5. Table of permitted and prohibited products
6. Nutrition for diarrhea: pregnant women, children, adults and the elderly
7. Diet for chronic diarrhea
8. Diet for diarrhea with vomiting
9. How to eat during antibiotic therapy
10. TOP 10 anti-diarrhea products

Diarrhea or watery stools can be embarrassing and startling at the worst times, such as during a vacation or special event.

But while diarrhea often goes away on its own within two to three days, certain remedies can help you achieve harder stools faster.

Abdominal pain is so common that everyone experiences it at one time or another. There are dozens of reasons why you might have a stomach ache. Most causes are not serious and symptoms go away quickly. Typically, there is no need to look further than your kitchen for a solution.

What is diarrhea, symptoms and possible causes

Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have bowel movements. It usually lasts several days and often goes away without treatment.

Diarrhea can be acute or chronic.

Acute diarrhea

occurs when the condition lasts one to two days. You may have diarrhea as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. In other cases, it could be due to food poisoning.

There is a condition known as traveler's diarrhea, which occurs when you get diarrhea after being exposed to bacteria or parasites while on vacation in a developing country. Acute diarrhea is quite common.

Chronic diarrhea

is diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks. This is usually the result of an intestinal disease or disorder such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease.

What causes diarrhea?

You may experience diarrhea as a result of a number of conditions or circumstances. Possible causes of diarrhea:

• food intolerances, such as lactose intolerance;
• food allergies;
• adverse reaction to medication;
• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• intestinal disease;
• parasitic infection;
• surgery on the gallbladder or stomach.

Rotavirus

- A common cause of childhood diarrhea. Bacterial infections such as salmonella or E. coli are also common.

Chronic diarrhea may be a symptom of a more serious condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease. Frequent and severe diarrhea may be a sign of an intestinal disease or functional bowel disorder.

What are the symptoms of diarrhea?

You can experience just one of them or any combination of them. Symptoms depend on the cause. One or more of the following symptoms often occur:

• nausea;
• abdominal pain;
• spasms;
• bloating;
• dehydration;
• fever;
• bloody stool;
• frequent urge to have bowel movements.

How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed?

Your doctor will perform a physical examination and review your medical history when determining the cause of your diarrhea. The specialist may also order laboratory tests to examine urine and blood samples.

Additional tests your doctor may order to determine the cause of diarrhea and other related conditions may include:

• allergen tests to determine whether the cause is a food intolerance or allergy;
• stool culture to check for bacteria, parasites, or signs of disease;
• colonoscopy to check for signs of bowel disease;
• sigmoidoscopy to check the rectum and lower colon for signs of bowel disease.

A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is especially useful in determining whether you have an intestinal disease if you have severe or chronic diarrhea.

Effect of alcohol on FD symptoms

Alcohol affects the functioning of the stomach. It can increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid and also affect gastric motility. It is known that low doses of alcohol contribute to a slight acceleration of organ emptying, while high doses slow down emptying. When discussing the effect of alcohol on FD symptoms, scientists are faced with conflicting research data. Some of them showed no relationship between alcohol consumption and the appearance of symptoms of dyspepsia and epigastric pain. At the same time, according to a large cohort study that included almost 4.5 thousand patients with FD and IBS, drinking alcoholic beverages in an amount of more than 7 alcoholic units per week increased the risk of dyspeptic symptoms (2.3 times) and pain in the neck. stomach (1.5 times). Let us remember that an alcoholic unit (or a standard dose of alcohol) corresponds to 10 g of pure ethanol or 30 ml of strong alcoholic drinks (vodka, cognac, etc.) or 250 ml of 5% beer or 100 ml of 12% wine.

To calculate the number of alcohol units, the formula is used:

Number of units of alcohol = quantity (liters) x strength (%) x 0.789

Thus, the inconsistency of scientific data regarding the effect of alcohol on the symptoms of FD does not allow excluding alcoholic beverages from the diet in this disease. However, taking into account the adverse effects of alcoholic beverages on other organs and systems, the amount of alcohol consumed should be limited. Probably the optimal weekly alcohol intake would be no more than 7 units of alcohol per week, with at least 2 alcohol-free days required.

The danger of diarrhea when a person needs medical attention

Although in many cases diarrhea can be treated at home with over-the-counter remedies, rest, and a temporarily restricted diet, if it lasts long enough, you should consult your doctor. Contact a specialist if

:

1. your diarrhea lasts more than two days without improvement;
2. you become dehydrated.

Dehydration and diarrhea

Diarrhea can cause you to lose fluid quickly and put you at risk of dehydration. If you don't get treatment for diarrhea, it can have very serious consequences.

Symptoms of dehydration include

:

• fatigue;
• dry mucous membranes;
• increased heart rate;
• headache;
• frivolity;
• increased thirst;
• decreased urination;
• dry mouth.

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If you are dehydrated or have other symptoms, you may need to go to the emergency room to receive immediate treatment.

Other symptoms to look out for include black or bloody stools, severe abdominal pain, or fever (39°C) or higher.

Diarrhea

- a serious disease for young children. This can cause severe dehydration in an infant in just one day.

Get treatment right away if any of the following conditions apply to your child:

1. Diarrhea for 24 hours or more.
2. Temperature 39°C or higher.
3. Bloody stool.
4. Stool containing pus.
5. The stool is black and tarry.

These are all symptoms that indicate an emergency.

Effect of Spicy Food on FD Symptoms

Many patients with FD, who have been observed by a gastroenterologist for many, many years with a diagnosis of “chronic gastritis” (but we have already figured out the difference between these diseases), are well aware of dietary recommendations during the onset of symptoms. One of the recommendations is to “exclude everything spicy.” We are talking about spices, and, in particular, about capsaicin - the active component of spicy foods (chili, red pepper, etc.).

How harmful is pepper capsacin for FD patients? Alas, science again does not have a clear answer to this question. On the one hand, capsaicin increases the intensity of signals from the nerve endings of the stomach, which can cause an increase in the severity of FD symptoms, in particular abdominal pain. Such symptoms are apparently observed in individuals with increased sensitivity of nerve receptors to chemical irritants. On the other hand, there are results from a very small randomized trial (only 30 patients) showing that ingestion of 2.5 g of red pepper powder for 5 weeks caused a significant reduction in general dyspeptic symptoms overall, as well as epigastric pain or fullness. compared to taking a placebo.

In summary, to date there is not sufficient clinical evidence to recommend avoiding hot spices or eating spicy foods to reduce symptoms in patients with dyspepsia. However, we strongly recommend avoiding spicy foods if they increase or trigger FD symptoms.

Basics of proper nutrition for diarrhea

Whether your diarrhea is episodic and caused by allergies/food poisoning or a chronic condition such as irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease, diet and diarrhea go hand in hand.

Even if you have chronic diseases that affect your digestive system, the diet you eat can greatly affect your digestive system.

When you experience a bout of diarrhea, there are certain foods you can eat to help your digestive system return to normal.

Foods to eat if you have diarrhea

When you have diarrhea, the foods you eat and the foods you avoid can make all the difference in helping you recover faster. This is where BRAT products come in handy.

BRAT stands for Bananas, Rice, Apples, Toast. These products are gentle, so they do not aggravate the digestive system, while strengthening it.

The BRAT diet consists of bland, low-fiber foods and is often recommended for treating stomach problems, digestive illnesses, and diarrhea.

Study

: Bland Diet

Pediatricians have historically prescribed the BRAT diet to infants suffering from diarrhea.

Study

: Diarrhea

Sticking to them after you get rid of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea will help you feel better faster.

You also need to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and replace lost fluids. Drink plenty of water and suck on ice cubes. Other liquids you can try include

:

• clear broths, such as chicken or beef, with the fat removed;
• water with increased electrolytes or coconut water with vitamins or electrolytes (try to avoid those with high sugar content);
• weak tea without caffeine.

How to Follow the BRAT Diet

There are limited evidence-based recommendations on how to exactly follow the BRAT diet, but recommendations for a three-day plan do exist.

During the first 6 hours

After illness, you may refuse to eat at all.

1. Give your stomach a rest and wait until the vomiting and diarrhea stop completely.
2. While you wait to eat, try sucking on ice cubes and drinking water. This will help replenish water and electrolytes lost due to illness.
3. Try reintroducing clear liquids, such as water, apple juice, vegetable broth, or chicken broth, into your diet within the first 24 hours of illness.

If symptoms return, stop drinking clear liquids and wait a couple of hours before trying again.

On the second day

start following the BRAT diet. This diet is limited and not very nutritious, so you won't want to stay on it any longer than necessary.

On the third day

After illness, you can begin to gradually reintroduce normal foods into your diet if you feel so.

Start with foods such as eggs, cooked fruits and vegetables, and white meats such as chicken or turkey.

It is important to monitor your body's signals. If you eat too much variety too quickly, your symptoms may return.

Foods to avoid if you have diarrhea

When you experience or are recovering from diarrhea, you should avoid eating large amounts of foods. These foods can trigger your digestive system and worsen or prolong diarrhea:

• milk and dairy products (including milk-based protein drinks);
• fried, fatty foods;
• spicy food;
• processed foods, especially those with additives;
• pork and veal;
• sardines;
• raw vegetables;
• rhubarb;
• onion;
• corn;
• all citrus fruits;
• other fruits such as pineapples, cherries, berries with seeds, figs, currants and grapes;
• alcohol;
• coffee, soda and other caffeinated or carbonated drinks;
• artificial sweeteners, including sorbitol.

Characteristics of individual products

Certain products are especially useful for indigestion, have medicinal properties, and their use is desirable for this condition. These products can be used as an addition to the diet for dyspepsia.

Ginger

A universal remedy for improving digestion, treating diarrhea, preventing nausea and disinfecting the surface of the gastric mucosa. Ginger root can be used to make ginger tea. Recipe: Pour boiling water over fresh ginger or root powder and leave for 10 minutes. The tea should be strained and taken several times a day to relieve indigestion.

Chamomile

Chamomile decoction is a good helper for the gastrointestinal tract.

A well-known anti-inflammatory drug used to prevent gas formation even in infants. Normalizes digestive functions, relieves discomfort and pain.

Convenient to use as chamomile tea. Recipe: pour 200 ml of boiling water and 1 tsp. dry chamomile, leave for 7 to 10 minutes. The tea is filtered and drunk 1-2 times a day. Tea should not be consumed by persons prone to allergies.

Mint

A mild sedative, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, excellent for increased gas formation, stomach pain and bloating, viral gastroenteritis (intestinal flu). Peppermint tea helps prevent gastroenteritis if taken in small portions regularly. Recipe: pour a handful of mint into 2 glasses of water, boil for 3 to 5 minutes, strain and drink instead of tea 1-2 times a day with the addition of honey, sugar, or any sweetener.

Clear liquids

To prevent dehydration, it is recommended to drink water, clear broths and soups, vegetable and fruit juices often and little by little. If vomiting makes it impossible to retain liquid in the stomach, you can suck on a piece of ice. After a half-hour break, you should try again. Do not drink juices if you have an upset stomach accompanied by diarrhea.

Garlic

The antimicrobial properties of garlic are widely known; it not only accelerates the treatment of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, but also relieves stomach cramps and soothes inflamed mucous membranes. Recipe for a mixture of honey and garlic - several peeled cloves are mashed and mixed with honey, taken daily. Additionally, use garlic as a seasoning to taste.

Pros and cons of diet for diarrhea

Although there are no clinical trials of the BRAT diet, some research exists on how foods included in the BRAT diet affect diarrhea.

Bananas, for example, contain a certain starch called pectin, which is beneficial for the digestive tract.

Study

: Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review

Bananas also contain potassium, which helps in the absorption of water and electrolytes.

A 2021 systematic review found that green banana pulp may help reduce both diarrhea and constipation in children.

Study

: Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review

A 2021 study found that rice soup is very effective in treating acute diarrhea in children.

Study

: The Effect of G-ORS Along With Rice Soup in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

While these results are promising, they cannot determine whether a diet consisting only of soft foods is effective and safe in treating stomach problems.

The restrictions of the BRAT diet may do more harm than good.

In one outdated study, researchers found that 2 weeks of the BRAT diet could lead to severe malnutrition along with other medical problems in children.

Admittedly, this case was extreme and the study is not current.

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But no follow-up studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of the BRAT diet.

Today recommends feeding children a balanced diet as soon as they recover, and breastfeeding infants or giving them complete formula.

For adults and children, the BRAT diet is probably better than no foods at all.

More modern research is needed to determine whether the BRAT diet is a beneficial solution for people with stomach problems.

The goal is to return to a normal diet as soon as possible, even if diarrhea persists, to avoid malnutrition.

How to eat during an acute period

The first, in the form of light soups, should be present every day.

In the first 1-2 days after the onset of an exacerbation, it is not recommended to eat at all. Allowed to take 1.5-2 liters of liquid. This can be tea with or without lemon, rosehip infusion, and almost no sugar is used.

By the middle of the second day, you can switch to a gentle diet, consisting of slimy soups, pureed porridges, jelly with white bread croutons.

Soufflés made from pureed lean meat, fish, milk creams, soft-boiled eggs, and milk are acceptable. Sauces and spices, fermented milk products, fresh bread, fresh fruits, confectionery, cocoa, coffee, and carbonated drinks are completely excluded. Salt is used to a minimum when preparing dishes.

This diet eliminates irritation of the walls of the stomach and its mucous membrane, and does not cause increased production of gastric juice. Gastroenterologists do not recommend staying on this diet for long and, at the first opportunity, switching to an expanded diet with a large number of permitted foods.

Table of permitted and prohibited products

Nutrition for diarrhea

Pregnant

Diarrhea often occurs during pregnancy. However, just because you have diarrhea does not necessarily mean it is directly related to your pregnancy.

Causes other than pregnancy include

:

• virus;
• bacteria;
• stomach flu;
• intestinal parasites;
• food poisoning;
• medications.

Causes of diarrhea associated with pregnancy include

:

1. Diet changes

   . Many women radically change their diet when they find out they are pregnant. This sudden shift in food intake can upset your stomach and potentially cause diarrhea.

2. New food sensitivities

   . Food sensitivities may be one of the many changes you experience during pregnancy. Foods that never bothered you before pregnancy can now cause gas, upset stomach, and diarrhea.

3. Prenatal vitamins

   . Taking prenatal vitamins is good for both your health and the health of your growing baby. However, these vitamins can cause stomach upset and diarrhea.

4. Hormonal changes

   . Hormones can slow down the digestive system, so constipation may occur. Hormones can also speed up your digestive system, which can cause diarrhea.

Diarrhea is more common in the third trimester.

As your due date approaches, you may find that diarrhea becomes more common.

Some women won't even experience frequent diarrhea in the third trimester, although others will. Each person's experience will be different.

In fact, in most cases, diarrhea goes away without treatment.

Contact your doctor if diarrhea does not go away after two to three days. Your doctor will perform a physical examination and may draw blood to determine the cause of your diarrhea.

Certain food groups can make diarrhea worse. Avoid fatty foods, fried foods, spicy foods, milk and dairy products, and high fiber foods.

Do not take over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications without consulting your doctor. These medications may make certain conditions worse. Plus, they are not safe for anyone.

Children

If your baby eats solids, giving him pieces of food can help relieve diarrhea. These include:

• crackers;
• porridge;
• pasta;
• bananas.

Avoid the following foods that may make diarrhea worse:

:

• cow's milk, except dairy products in their mixture (in any case, you should avoid cow's milk until your baby is 1 year old);
• apple juice and other fruit juices (should be avoided anyway until your child is 2 years old);
• fried food;
• spicy food.

Adults and elderly

When creating a diet for diarrhea, it is important to formulate the diet so that the foods consumed

:

1. They included a sufficient amount of useful substances and did not create a load on the inflamed organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Contained a lot of potassium, calcium and iron.

In this case, the total calorie content of the menu should not exceed 1800-2000 kcal.

The diet should be aimed at eliminating fermentation processes. This will speed up the restoration of intestinal function and stabilization of stool. You should not eat foods that stimulate gas formation.

It is important to consume plenty of water and herbal infusions. This will help remove toxins and normalize the condition.

And also adhere to a gentle regime, excluding foods high in acids.

When preparing food, you should avoid using hot spices, salt and other substances that irritate the intestinal walls.

Elderly people suffering from diarrhea are recommended to eat porridge cooked in water without adding butter. Rice and buckwheat are especially useful.

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Heat-treated vegetables must be present in the diet.

Important sources of fiber are carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, and potatoes.

It is recommended to consume lean meats, including: veal; rabbit meat; turkeys; Chicken. When preparing dishes, the meat is cleaned of skin, cartilage and tendons.

In addition, you can heat-treated non-acidic berries and fruits in the form of sauces, mousses, jelly and purees.

Types of disorder

Diet for indigestion is a must!

This sensitive organ responds with negative reactions to a variety of reasons that disrupt its functioning. Depending on the category to which your stomach upset falls, an effective diet is recommended.

Digestive disorders in gastroenterology are classified into the following types:

• organic disorders,
• functional disorders.

The causes of organic disorders are considered to be bad habits and poor nutrition. The functioning of the stomach is disrupted by a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged forced sitting during work, alcohol and smoking abuse, and a large amount of spicy food in the diet. All these factors irritate the mucous membrane, destroying beneficial microflora and disrupting digestion.

Food is not completely digested, stagnation of food, its fermentation causes pain in the stomach and irritation. To cleanse the body of toxins, diarrhea occurs. In this case, fortification of food and diet help normalize digestion.

Functional indigestion is caused by gastrointestinal diseases and their consequences: gastritis, peptic ulcer, hernia, reflux esophagitis. In this case, it is impossible to do without a full examination and long-term treatment, consisting of a complex of various drugs. In this case, the diet will help compensate for the negative effects of medications and obtain useful substances for a full metabolism.

Diet for chronic diarrhea

The main symptom of chronic diarrhea is loose or watery stools that persist for several weeks. This stool may or may not be accompanied by a feeling of urge. You may also have other symptoms:

• abdominal cramps;
• bloating;
• nausea.

Keep a food diary to determine if diet is a major factor in chronic diarrhea. Write down all your meals and snacks and note any worsening symptoms.

After a few weeks, you will be able to identify possible irritating foods. If so, eliminate these foods from your diet to see if your symptoms improve.

For example, diarrhea may stop or improve significantly after stopping gluten, artificial sweeteners, or dairy products. Or your condition may improve after you eliminate certain vegetables, fruits and beans from your diet.

Lifestyle changes that can help relieve chronic diarrhea include

:

• avoidance of caffeine and alcoholic beverages;
• low fiber foods;
• drink clear liquids to prevent dehydration;
• control food portions to avoid overeating.

Chronic diarrhea caused by an underlying disease cannot always be prevented.

But you can prevent chronic diarrhea due to infection by taking steps to keep your food and water clean:

1. Drink from clean water or filter your water.
2. Cook the meat thoroughly.
3. Wash your hands after preparing food and before eating.
4. Clean kitchen surfaces to prevent contamination.
5. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating them.
6. Wash your hands after using the toilet, changing a diaper, or helping someone who is sick.

Effect of carbohydrates on FD symptoms

Only a small number of studies have looked at the relationship between FD symptoms and carbohydrate intake, and the results are inconsistent. One study reported that lower carbohydrate intake was associated with symptoms. Another study showed that daily carbohydrate intake in patients with FD differed little from that in the control group (230 g vs. 199 g/day). Finally, another authors reported no association between FD symptoms and high carbohydrate meals.

Due to the contradictory scientific data, it is currently impossible to draw a conclusion about the need to reduce or increase the amount of carbohydrates in the diet of patients with FD.

Diet for diarrhea with vomiting

Diarrhea and vomiting

are common symptoms that affect people of all ages, from babies and toddlers to adults.

In most cases, these two symptoms are the result of a stomach bug or food poisoning and will subside within a few days.

In general, resting and drinking plenty of fluids is enough to avoid dehydration.

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Here are some ways to treat vomiting and diarrhea at home to stay hydrated.

:

1. Drink plenty of clear liquids such as water, broth
2. Follow the BRAT diet
3. Avoid fatty, spicy or fatty and sugary foods.
4. Avoid dairy products.
5. Avoid caffeine.
6. Wash your hands often with soap and water.

Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting may require treatment.

Take your child to the doctor if

:

• less than 12 months and showing signs of dehydration;
• diarrhea for more than seven days or vomiting for more than two days;
• under 3 months at a temperature of 38 ° C;
• 3 to 6 months at 39°C.

Take your child to the emergency room if

:

• there are signs of dehydration after taking oral rehydration solution;
• there is blood in the urine or stool;
• green or yellow vomit.

For adults. Contact your doctor if

:

1. Still dehydrated after rehydrating with fluids and an oral hydration solution.
2. You have bloody diarrhea or rectal bleeding.
3. Your vomit is yellow or green.
4. You have diarrhea that lasts more than seven days, or you have been vomiting for more than two days.

Effect of Coffee on FD Symptoms

It is known that drinking coffee stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid by stomach cells. The alkaloid caffeine, which is part of coffee, also affects gastric motility. Research has found that drinking coffee may increase or cause symptoms of FD. However, it is still unclear how a particular dose of caffeine in coffee affects the onset of symptoms.

Recommendation for patients with FD who note the appearance or intensification of symptoms of the disease after drinking coffee: reduce the number of cups of the drink during the day or give up coffee altogether.

How to eat during antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is quite common. It is estimated that between 5 and 25 percent of adults will experience diarrhea while taking antibiotics.

This occurs when antibiotics upset the natural balance of bacteria in the intestines. This can irritate your digestive system and increase your risk of illness from certain types of harmful bacteria, such as C. diff.

All types of antibiotics can cause diarrhea. However, certain types of antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, may cause it more frequently.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is defined as loose, watery stools three or more times a day while taking antibiotics.

This may begin about a week after starting antibiotics. In addition, diarrhea may develop a few weeks after finishing treatment.

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If you have a C. diff infection, you may experience additional symptoms, such as:

• stomach pain or cramps;
• low-grade fever;
• decreased appetite;
• nausea.

If you are experiencing diarrhea due to taking antibiotics, changing your diet may help relieve symptoms. Some common suggestions include

:

1. Eating low fiber foods. Although high-fiber foods are recommended when you are healthy, eating them when you have diarrhea may make your condition worse.
2. Potassium replacement. This nutrient can be lost due to diarrhea, but eating foods containing potassium can help replenish it.
3. Replenishment of lost fluids and salts. Diarrhea can cause fluid and electrolytes to be lost more quickly, so it is important to replenish them.

Based on these tips, try the following foods and drinks for diarrhea:

:

• liquids, including water, broths, or decaffeinated tea;
• fruits such as bananas, applesauce, or small amounts of canned fruit without syrup;
• grains such as white rice, white bread and noodles;
• peeled potatoes (good source of potassium), boiled or baked;
• protein sources such as poultry, lean meats and fish.

Some foods may worsen your symptoms or interfere with antibiotic treatment. These include

:

• alcoholic drinks;
• caffeinated drinks such as coffee, soda and tea;
• dairy products can cause digestive problems when taking antibiotics and may affect the absorption of antibiotics;
• fatty foods such as fatty meats, baked goods, potato chips, french fries and other fried foods;
• foods or drinks high in added sugar, such as carbonated drinks, fruit juices, cakes and cookies;
• High-fiber foods such as whole grains, legumes and most fruits and vegetables;
• spicy foods, which can further irritate the digestive tract.

Also, try not to eat grapefruit or take calcium supplements. They can affect how well antibiotics are absorbed by your body and may make the medicine less effective.

Here are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

1. Try probiotics

   . Probiotics can help return beneficial bacteria to your digestive system.

2. Maintain good hygiene

   . Washing your hands frequently, especially after using the restroom, can help prevent the spread of C. diff bacteria.

3. Follow the instructions

   . Some antibiotics may be recommended to be taken with food.

Take antibiotics only when necessary.

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Although antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, they are not effective against viral infections such as colds and flu. Overuse of antibiotics can negatively impact your digestive health and cause other problems.

If you have previously had diarrhea while taking antibiotics, tell your doctor. He can choose an antibiotic that is less likely to cause this problem.

Summary

The main recommendations for patients with FD are as follows:

• eat regularly, avoiding long (more than 4-5 hours) pauses between meals;
• Drinks and food should be consumed cool, warm or moderately hot; cold drinks and food may increase FD symptoms;
• avoid fast, hurried eating;
• limit your intake of foods high in fat;
• limit your alcohol consumption
• Limit your intake of hot spices and coffee, especially if they increase or cause FD symptoms;
• if gluten intolerance is suspected as the cause of dyspeptic symptoms, a gluten-free diet may be prescribed for 3-4 weeks
• in the presence of increased gas formation in combination with symptoms of FD, a lowFODMAP diet may be prescribed for 3-4 weeks

Top 10 anti-diarrhea foods

1. Chamomile

   Historically, chamomile has been used for a variety of intestinal disorders, including gas, indigestion, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

   An animal study found that chamomile extracts relieved diarrhea in mice by reducing intestinal spasms and reducing the amount of water passed into stool, but more research is needed to see if this applies to humans.

   Study

   : Antidiarrhoeal, antisecretory and antispasmodic activities of Matricaria chamomilla are mediated predominantly through K(+)-channels activation

2. Peppermint

   For some people, indigestion is caused by irritable bowel syndrome (a chronic bowel disease that can cause stomach pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea).

   Although IBS can be difficult to manage, research shows that peppermint may help reduce these unpleasant symptoms.

   Taking Peppermint Oil Capsules daily for at least two weeks can significantly reduce stomach pain, gas, and diarrhea in adults with IBS.

   Study

   : Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   Peppermint is safe for most people, but caution is advised for those with severe reflux, hiatal hernia, kidney stones, or liver and gallbladder disease, as it may worsen these conditions.

3. Green bananas

   In fact, one study found that adding boiled green bananas was nearly four times more effective at relieving diarrhea than a rice-based diet.

   The strong anti-diarrheal effect of green bananas is due to the fact that they contain a special type of fiber known as resistant starch.

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   Resistant starch cannot be digested by humans, so it passes through the digestive tract all the way to the colon, the last part of the intestines.

   Once in the colon, it is slowly fermented by intestinal bacteria to form short-chain fatty acids, which stimulate the intestines to absorb more water and strengthen the stool.

4. Pectin

   Pectin

   is a type of plant fiber found in large quantities in apples and citrus fruits. It is often isolated from these fruits and sold as its own food product or supplement.

   Pectin is not digested by humans, so it remains in the intestinal tract, where it is very effective at strengthening stool and preventing diarrhea.

   In fact, one study found that 82% of sick children taking daily pectin supplements recovered from diarrhea within 4 days, compared to only 23% of children who did not take pectin supplements.

   Study

   : Clinical studies in persistent diarrhea: dietary management with green banana or pectin in Bangladeshi children

   Pectin also relieves indigestion by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract.

5. Low FODMAP Foods

   FODMAP

   is an abbreviation for the concept “fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols”, which means “fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols”. In other words, these are carbohydrates that are poorly digested and cause fermentation processes in the intestines.

   When undigested FODMAPs enter the colon, they are quickly fermented by gut bacteria, creating excessive gas and bloating. They also attract water, which causes diarrhea.

   A review of 10 randomized controlled trials found that a low FODMAP diet improved these symptoms in 50–80% of people with IBS.

   Study

   : The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS

   While not all people with digestive issues have trouble digesting FODMAPs, working with a specialist can help you determine if any of them are causing problems.

6. Foods rich in probiotics and prebiotics

   Feeding your gut good bacteria with probiotics can help you feel better quickly.

   For diarrhea, Lactobacillus GG and Saccharomycesboulardii strains are recommended. A 2015 study found that both strains could help shorten the duration of illness by 1 day.

   Study

   : Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of Diarrhea

   You can buy probiotics in capsule or liquid forms.

   Probiotics are also found in fermented foods such as yogurt and kombucha.

   In addition to fermented milk products, which are not suitable for everyone: miso, natto, tempeh, sauerkraut, kimchi and kombucha.

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   But more research is needed to determine how they affect gut health.

7. Light carbohydrates such as rice, oatmeal

   Although this recommendation is general, there is little evidence that they actually help relieve symptoms.

   However, many people report that it is easier to consume these foods when you are not feeling well.

8. Liquids with electrolytes

   When an upset stomach is accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, it is easy to become dehydrated.

   Water, fruit juice, coconut water, and broths are great ways to restore fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances associated with mild dehydration.

   If dehydration is severe, a rehydration drink containing the ideal ratio of water, sugar and electrolytes may be required.

9. Chicken bouillon

   Everyone knows about the ability of broth to restore strength during illness and large loss of fluid - with fever and indigestion. It is quickly absorbed and removes toxins.

10. Prebiotic-rich fiber

    may also be beneficial as prebiotics help feed gut bacteria

    These fibers can be found in:

    chicory root
11. legumes
12. berries
13. bananas
14. oats

Herbs and spices such as ginger, chamomile, mint and licorice have natural calming properties, while fruits such as green bananas improve digestion.

Avoiding foods high in FODMAPs helps some people relieve gas, bloating and diarrhea, while foods with probiotics can help regulate bowel movements.

When an upset stomach is accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea, be sure to hydrate and replace electrolytes.

The diet must contain the required amount of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and other substances.

The menu is designed so that the food does not irritate the intestines, but envelops it.

The effect of protein foods and gluten on FD symptoms

Currently, there is no proven connection between symptoms of FD and protein intake, so protein restrictions are not required for patients with this disease.

As for gluten, several studies have been conducted to identify a possible relationship between eating this protein and the development of symptoms of dyspepsia. This is due, on the one hand, to the high frequency of symptoms characteristic of FD in patients with celiac disease, as well as the frequent disappearance of dyspeptic manifestations against the background of a gluten-free diet. On the other hand, symptoms of FD occur in approximately 31-50% of individuals diagnosed with gluten hypersensitivity not associated with celiac disease. These patients report characteristic epigastric pain and nausea, heaviness and fullness after eating foods containing gluten.

Unfortunately, there are no high-quality studies demonstrating the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet on FD symptoms. The fact that patients with a proven diagnosis of celiac disease need to follow a gluten-free diet is immutable. If the doctor suspects that dyspeptic symptoms are manifestations of gluten hypersensitivity, a gluten-free diet can be recommended for 4-6 weeks with an assessment of symptoms. If symptoms have significantly decreased or completely disappeared, after analyzing the possible positive effects of other factors, this diet can be recommended for a longer period. The lack of effect of a gluten-free diet within 4-6 weeks indicates that the patient with FD does not require this diet in the future.

Menu for diarrhea

Below is a menu recommended for people suffering from diarrhea, designed for 3 days.

First day

Breakfast

: slimy rice porridge with raisins - 150 g, steamed protein omelet from 2 eggs, compote - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: crackers - 50 g, herbal tea

Dinner

: chicken broth soup with meatballs - 150 ml, buckwheat porridge - 100 g, steamed turkey cutlet - 1 pc., jelly - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: dried fruit compote - 1 tbsp, cheesecakes - 2-3 pcs.

Dinner

: rice porridge - 100 g, steamed fish - 50 g, vegetable stew - 100 g, herbal tea - 1 tbsp.

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Second day

Breakfast

: pumpkin porridge with rice - 150 g, chicken cutlets - 2 pcs., compote - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: oatmeal with pieces of fruit and raisins - 150 ml, tea - 1 tbsp. Lunch: lean fish soup - 150 ml, mashed potatoes - 100 g, baked chicken breast - 50 g, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: baked apples - 2 pcs., crackers - 50 g, rice water - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: buckwheat porridge - 150 g, baked fish - 50 g, vegetable stew - 50 g, compote - 1 tbsp.

The third day

Breakfast

: meatballs from minced chicken and rice - 2-3 pcs., dried bread - 2 slices, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Lunch

: muesli - 150 g, herbal tea - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: vegetable soup with noodles - 150 ml, carrot puree - 50 g, boiled rabbit meat - 50 g, compote - 1 tbsp.

Afternoon snack

: boiled pear puree - 150 g, tea - 1 tbsp.

Dinner

: pasta - 100 g, boiled fish - 50 g, baked zucchini - 50 g, jelly - 1 tbsp.

Although stomach upset may occur from time to time, eating these foods and following a diet can help you feel better and get on the road to recovery.