Treatment of uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding is the discharge of blood from the vagina, characterized by abundance and duration. This pathological condition poses a danger to the life and health of a woman and is a sign of serious diseases of the reproductive system. To save the patient, it is important to immediately provide her with first aid and find out the cause of the bleeding. Natural bleeding from the vagina is called menstruation. Menstrual bleeding is characterized by cyclicity and repeats at regular intervals. The period between menstruation usually lasts 25–30 days. Blood from the vagina should not be released longer than 8 days, otherwise we can talk about pathology. Menstrual irregularities are a reason to immediately consult a gynecologist. The doctor will find out the cause of the pathological phenomenon and help get rid of the disease at an early stage, before complications arise.

Causes of uterine bleeding

The likelihood of uterine bleeding depends on the age of the patient. In girls from 12 to 18 years old, copious discharge of blood from the vagina is a consequence of hormonal imbalance. And hormonal imbalances at a young age arise due to:

physical injury or emotional distress;
deterioration of the functioning of the endocrine glands;
poor nutrition, deficiency of vitamins in the body;
pregnancy with complications, difficult childbirth;
genital tuberculosis;
bleeding disorders;
suffered severe infectious diseases.

In mature women, uterine bleeding is a rare occurrence, usually associated with impaired ovarian function. In this case, the provocateurs of the pathological condition are:

stress, overwork, nervous tension, mental disorders;
uterine fibroids;
endometriosis;
advanced endometritis;
uterine polyps;
oncology of the uterus or cervix;
tumor formations in the ovaries;
ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, medical or instrumental abortion;
infectious diseases of the reproductive organs;
climate change, unfavorable environmental situation in the place of residence, harmful working conditions;
taking medications that can disrupt the systemic functioning of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Uterine bleeding is often observed in women during menopause. This is due to a decrease in the synthesis of gonadotropin by the pituitary gland. As a result, the level of sex hormones in the female body begins to jump, the menstrual cycle is disrupted, and the formation of follicles in the ovaries is disrupted. Frequent causes of bleeding from the uterus at the age of decline of reproductive function are:

Prevention of heavy discharge

So that during menstrual periods women do not suffer so much, they will have to take care of their body. So, a week before the start of menstruation, it is advisable to drink ascorbic acid. It strengthens the walls of blood vessels. Then small capillaries are less likely to burst under pressure. And the bleeding will not increase.

It would be ideal to take out sick leave or go on vacation. But since it’s not realistic to do this every month, you can at least try to reduce all physical activity to a minimum. And don’t take part-time jobs these days.

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Symptoms of uterine bleeding

weakness;
fainting;
dizziness;
nausea;
paleness of the skin;
cardiac tachycardia;
lowering blood pressure.
copious bleeding from the vagina;
presence of clots in blood discharge;
change the pad every 2 hours, even more often;
duration of bleeding more than 8 days;
increased bleeding after sexual intercourse;
painless bleeding when the pathology is of dysfunctional origin;
discrepancy between the onset of bleeding and the period of menstruation.

The duration of menstruation normally does not exceed 8 days, and bleeding that persists longer than normal is pathological. Vaginal bleeding should be considered unhealthy if the period between which is less than 21 days. During menstruation, 80–120 ml of blood flows per day; with uterine bleeding, the daily blood volume is more than 120 ml.

Types of uterine bleeding

Bleeding from the uterus, depending on the age of the patient, is divided into five types.

During infancy. In the first week of life, a newborn girl may experience slight bleeding from the vagina. This is not a pathological phenomenon; the child does not require medical intervention. Infant bleeding is caused by a sharp change in hormonal levels in a newborn girl and disappears on its own.
During the period before puberty. During this period, vaginal bleeding in girls is rare. The cause of the pathological condition is most often a hormone-dependent ovarian tumor, due to which the gonad synthesizes too many hormones. As a result, the girl experiences false maturation of the reproductive system.
During puberty. Uterine bleeding during puberty, which occurs between 12 and 18 years of age, is called juvenile bleeding.
During the reproductive period. Bleeding from the uterus, observed between 18 and 45 years, can be organic, dysfunctional, breakthrough, or caused by pregnancy and childbirth.
During menopause. During the period of decline of reproductive function, bleeding from the vagina is most often associated with pathologies of the genital organs or with a decrease in the synthesis of hormones.

Dysfunctional bleeding

This type of uterine bleeding observed during the reproductive period is the most common. The pathological condition is diagnosed in both girls and older women during menopause. The cause of dysfunctional bleeding is a failure in the synthesis of sex hormones by the endocrine glands. The endocrine system, including the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, ovaries and adrenal glands, controls the production of sex hormones. If the operation of this complex system malfunctions, the menstrual cycle is disrupted, the duration and abundance of menstruation changes, and the likelihood of infertility and spontaneous abortion increases. Therefore, if there are any changes in the menstrual cycle, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be ovulatory or anovulatory. Ovulatory bleeding is manifested by a change in the duration and abundance of blood discharge during menstruation. Anovulatory bleeding is observed more often and is caused by the lack of ovulation due to impaired synthesis of sex hormones.

Organic bleeding

Such bleeding is caused either by severe pathologies of the reproductive organs, or by blood diseases, or by serious disturbances in the functioning of internal organs.

Breakthrough bleeding

Such uterine bleeding is also called iatrogenic. They are diagnosed after exceeding the dosage and course of taking certain medications, frequent use of hormonal contraceptives, as well as after surgery to install an IUD and after other surgical manipulations on the organs of the reproductive system. When taking hormonal medications, scanty bleeding is usually observed, which means that the body is adapting to synthetic hormones. In this situation, it is recommended to consult a doctor about changing the dosage of the medication. In most cases, with breakthrough bleeding, gynecologists advise patients to increase the dosage of the hormonal drug for a certain time. If after this measure the amount of blood released does not decrease, but increases, then you need to urgently undergo a medical examination. In this case, the cause of the pathological condition may be a serious disease of the reproductive system. If uterine bleeding occurs after the installation of the IUD, then the contraceptive device most likely injured the walls of the uterus. In this situation, you should immediately remove the IUD and wait for the uterine walls to heal.

Bleeding due to pregnancy and childbirth

In the first months of pregnancy, bleeding from the uterus is a sign of either a threatened spontaneous abortion or an ectopic fetus. In these pathological conditions, severe pain in the lower abdomen is noted. A pregnant woman who has started uterine bleeding should immediately consult a supervising doctor. If a spontaneous abortion begins, the fetus can be saved if proper treatment is started in time. In the last stages of a miscarriage, you will have to say goodbye to the pregnancy; in this case, curettage is prescribed. With an ectopic pregnancy, the embryo develops in the fallopian tube or cervix. Menstruation is delayed, some symptoms of pregnancy are noted, but no embryo is found in the uterus. When the embryo reaches a certain stage of development, bleeding occurs. In this situation, the woman requires urgent medical attention.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, uterine bleeding is deadly for both the mother and the developing child in the womb.

The causes of the pathological condition in the late stages of gestation are placental previa or placental abruption, rupture of the uterine walls. In these cases, the woman urgently needs medical attention; a caesarean section is usually performed. Patients who are at high risk of the above pathologies should be kept in conservatory care. Uterine bleeding can also occur during childbirth. In this case, its causes may be the following pathological conditions:

placenta previa;
blood clotting disorder;
low contractility of the uterus;
placental abruption;
afterbirth stuck in the uterus.

If bleeding from the uterus occurs a few days after birth, you should immediately call an ambulance. The young mother will require emergency hospitalization.

Analogs

There are analogues of the drug Oxytocin on the pharmaceutical market. All of them are aimed at stimulating the smooth muscles of the uterus during childbirth. Thus, the following substitute drugs can be distinguished:

Syntocinon. The active substance is a nonapeptide identical to the hormone oxytocin. Stimulates the muscles of the uterus and is used during childbirth, when the number of specific receptors for the hormone is increased in the myometrium;
Oxytocin-Vial is a Russian-made drug that increases tone and increases myometrial contractions;
Oxytocin-Grindeks is a Latvian synonym for Oxytocin;
Oxytocin-MEZ is a drug that has virtually no vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic effect; the solution does not cause contraction of the intestinal or bladder muscles;
Oxytocin-Richter – provides a myotonic effect, which occurs 3–7 minutes after administration and lasts 2–3 hours;
Oxytocin-Ferein - stimulates uterine contractions, labor, eliminating hypolactation.

First emergency aid before doctors arrive

Heavy bleeding from the vagina must be stopped or at least reduced before doctors arrive. This is a matter of life and death for a woman. In most cases, with proper first aid, bleeding stops, but in 15% of cases the pathological process ends in death.

Every woman should know how to help herself before the doctors arrive, what she can do and what she can’t do.

A sick woman, while waiting for doctors at home, should do the following:

lie on your back, remove the pillow from under your head;
place a high cushion made of towels or a blanket under your shins;
Place a cold water bottle or an ice-filled heating pad on your stomach;
drink cold still water.

It is strictly prohibited:

be in a standing and sitting position;
lie with your legs pressed to your stomach;
take a hot bath;
do douching;
put a heating pad on your stomach;
drink hot drinks;
take any medications.

Drug therapy

Treatment of diseases that cause bleeding from the uterus is carried out in a hospital setting. Additionally, the doctor prescribes medications to the patient to help stop bleeding. Hemostatic medications are taken only on the recommendation of a medical specialist; taking medications at your own discretion is strictly prohibited. Below is a list of medications most commonly used to stop bleeding.

Etamsylate - This drug stimulates the synthesis of thromboplastin and changes the permeability of blood vessels. Blood clotting increases, resulting in decreased bleeding. The medication is intended for intramuscular injection.
Oxytocin is a hormonal drug often used during labor to improve uterine contractility. As a result of contraction of the uterine muscles, bleeding stops. The drug oxytocin is prescribed for intravenous administration with the addition of glucose and has a large list of contraindications.
Aminocaproic acid - This medicinal substance prevents blood clots from dissolving under the influence of certain factors, thereby reducing bleeding. The medicine is either taken orally or administered intravenously. Treatment of uterine bleeding with aminocaproic acid is carried out under close medical supervision.
Vikasol - The drug is based on vitamin K. With a deficiency of this vitamin in the body, blood clotting worsens. The medication is prescribed to patients who have a tendency to uterine bleeding. However, vitamin K begins to act only 10–12 hours after entering the body, so it is not advisable to use the drug to stop bleeding in emergency cases.
Calcium gluconate - The drug is prescribed for calcium deficiency in the body. Deficiency increases the permeability of vascular walls and impairs blood clotting. This medicine is also not suitable for use in emergency cases, but is used to strengthen blood vessels in patients prone to bleeding.

How to quickly stop bleeding?

Small injuries can be easily localized by applying pressure to the wound for 5 minutes with a hand or cloth to form a blood clot. For cut wounds, the edges will stick together after some time. The skin around the wound is carefully wiped with the available antiseptic, then a bactericidal patch or sterile bandage is applied.

If a deep venous injury with drip bleeding is detected, it is necessary to sit or lay the victim down in order to elevate the damaged area above the heart. A hemostatic sponge is applied to painful large wounds, securing it with a bandage. The sponge gradually dissolves on its own; there is no need to remove it. In the absence of a sponge, apply a pressure bandage to the wound. Gauze folded in 2-3 layers and a bandage for fixation are suitable. If blood has leaked through the bandage, apply a piece of cotton wool and bandage again over the first bandage.

With internal bleeding, the victim feels drowsiness, weakness, and wants to drink. The pulse quickens, the pressure drops, the head is dizzy. Damage to the stomach is indicated by vomiting blood, intestines - tar-like stool, rectum - scarlet blood in the stool, ureters - red urine. If internal capillary bleeding is suspected, first aid will be to lie the victim down and apply cold to the damaged area. Then the doctors who arrived to the call act.

Treatment with folk remedies

To stop and prevent uterine bleeding, you can use decoctions and infusions of medicinal plants. The most popular and effective folk recipes for stopping bleeding are listed below.

Yarrow infusion - You need to take 2 teaspoons of dried plant material, pour a glass of boiling water. The solution is infused for about an hour, then filtered. The infusion is taken a quarter glass 4 times a day before meals.
Nettle decoction - Take a tablespoon of dried nettle leaves and pour a glass of boiling water. The solution is simmered over low heat for 10 minutes, then filtered. The prepared decoction is taken one tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.
Infusion of shepherd's purse - Take a tablespoon of dried plant material and pour a glass of boiling water. The container with the solution is wrapped in a warm towel and left for an hour to infuse. The finished infusion is filtered and taken a tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.

It must be remembered that folk remedies cannot be a complete replacement for medications; they are used only as an addition to the main therapy. Before using herbal remedies, you should definitely consult a medical specialist to exclude intolerance to the medicinal plant and other contraindications.