How to treat chickenpox? - Infectious diseases

Many parents believe that chicken pox is a harmless infection that does not require any treatment other than lubricating the rash with a solution of brilliant green. Is it really?

Routes of infection
Symptoms and manifestations in children
Complications of the disease in adults
Are antivirals needed for chickenpox?
Myths about the disease

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology, which is characterized by the appearance of a characteristic blistering rash against the background of general intoxication of the body. This disease was first mentioned in the medical literature of the 16th century. At first, many people confused it with smallpox called variola. The German doctor O. Vogel called chickenpox varicella, and after numerous epidemics in the 19th century, this disease began to be considered a separate nosological form. In 1911, the Brazilian doctor E. Aragao discovered virus bodies in the bubbles, and the virus itself was isolated from them in the 40s. XX century.

Since then, scientists have been continuously studying this disease, trying to find the most effective treatment methods.
Learn more about the characteristics of chickenpox
In the process of scientific research, it was established that the causative agent of chickenpox (Herpes zoster) is a DNA-containing virus classified as human herpes virus type 3, included in the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alpha Herpesviridae. In the blisters that form on the skin during chickenpox, this virus is contained in large quantities, which determines the high contagiousness of the virus. The virus that causes chickenpox in children causes shingles in adults. So one pathogen manifests itself differently depending on the age of the patient. Chickenpox in adults is also possible, but such cases are extremely rare. The disease is one of the most common in childhood and is a ubiquitous infection, that is, it is characterized by widespread distribution. The age distribution of the disease is influenced by climate and lifestyle characteristics.

In temperate climates, chickenpox occurs in 90% of children under 12 years of age, mainly in the cold season. Although chickenpox is considered a childhood disease, it can also be diagnosed in adults, especially if the appropriate vaccinations have not been received. The incidence in cities is more than twice as high as in rural areas. According to some reports, the economic damage caused to the country by this infection can be comparable to the losses associated with acute respiratory diseases and influenza.

Chickenpox symptoms

A rash all over the body is the main symptom of chickenpox, and this rash also appears on the mucous membranes. Chickenpox in the mouth is an enanthema. The child's temperature rises, general weakness appears, muscles and head ache. Usually this condition lasts 2-5 days. With chickenpox there may not be a fever - it all starts with a rash.

The incubation period for chickenpox is 10-21 days from the moment of infection. The disease usually lasts 5-10 days, although there are cases of the disease lasting 3 weeks.

With a mild form of chickenpox, the child may not be bothered by anything: he will be active and in a good mood, and only a small rash on the body will indicate that the baby is sick.

Chickenpox by day

Photos from open sources

Ways of infection with chickenpox and incubation period

Chickenpox has a 100% susceptibility rate. The source of infection is patients with chickenpox or herpes zoster, who begin to spread the virus two days before the rash appears on the body. And even when the blisters on the skin disappear, the person still remains infectious for 5 days.

The transmission mechanism is airborne, with the virus released in large quantities when coughing, talking and sneezing. The incubation period for chickenpox ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which time no visible signs of the disease are observed. According to statistics, children 3-4 years old most often suffer from chickenpox. A vertical mechanism of transmission of the virus to the fetus from the expectant mother infected during pregnancy is possible. Find out how chickenpox is transmitted

The entry point for infection is the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. The virus actively multiplies on the mucous membrane and enters the blood, gradually spreading throughout the body. It can only exist in the human body, and quickly dies in the external environment. In droplets of saliva it remains active for no more than 10-15 minutes, and in sunlight and UV radiation it is inactivated almost immediately.

How is chickenpox transmitted?

Most often, children from 3 to 7 years old suffer from chickenpox. In children under one year of age, adolescents and adults, chickenpox is a rare occurrence. The mode of transmission of chickenpox is airborne. The causative agent of the disease is herpes virus type 3 (varicella-zoster). This virus begins to rapidly multiply in the blood and lymph of the sick person, and when it ends up in the upper layers of the skin, the same rash of chickenpox appears.

Read also Epstein-Barr Virus: what it is and how to treat What is Epstein-Barr Virus and what drugs are prescribed for its treatment.

Are antiviral drugs needed for chickenpox?

Contrary to popular belief that with chickenpox you only need to lubricate the blisters with brilliant green, doctors recommend the use of antiviral drugs. They will reduce the severity of the disease, speed up recovery and reduce the severity of painful symptoms, primarily itching. The antiviral drug VIFERON® is used to treat herpes viral diseases, including chickenpox. It is the first drug in its class approved by the State Pharmaceutical Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for use in children, including newborns and premature babies, as well as pregnant women1. More about interferon

Alpha-2b interferon, which is part of the drug VIFERON, is created on the basis of modern technologies, has antiviral properties (blocks virus replication) and has a pronounced immunomodulatory effect, i.e. restores immunity.

VIFERON® Suppositories (suppositories) help suppress the activity of the varicella zoster virus (herpes virus type 3) and enhance the body’s own immune response to pathogenic microorganisms. Cocoa butter, which is part of the drug, contains phospholipids, which make it possible not to use synthetic toxic emulsifiers in production, but the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids facilitates the administration and dissolution of the drug. The drug VIFERON® Suppositories can be used both by children from the first days of life and by adults, including pregnant women from the 14th week and nursing mothers. Recommended dose for adults in the treatment of herpes virus infection, including herpes zoster (HerpesZoster, herpes virus type 3): VIFERON® 1,000,000 IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day every 12 hours every day for 10 days. According to clinical indications, therapy can be continued. According to the research of Professor V.N. Timchenko, which was published in the article “Modern aspects of antiviral therapy for chickenpox in children” in 2011 in the journal “Children’s Infections”, the use of the drug VIFERON for the treatment of children with mild and moderate forms of chickenpox contributes to:2

reducing the duration of intoxication by 2.5 times;
reducing the duration of fever by 3 times;
prevention of secondary infection;
reducing the duration of skin rash and itching by 3 times;
a significant reduction in all stages of development of chickenpox elements;
reducing the severity of the infectious process (90% – mild form).

In his study, Professor Timchenko V.N. used the drug VIFERON according to the following regimen: children under 7 years old - VIFERON 150,000 IU 2 times a day for 5 days, children over 7 years old received therapy with the drug VIFERON 500,000 IU 2 times a day for 5 days.

What antiviral medications can be taken for chickenpox during pregnancy?

Pregnant women from the second trimester of pregnancy (starting from the 14th week of gestation) for the treatment of herpes virus type 3 (Herpes Zoster, chickenpox and herpes zoster) are prescribed VIFERON® 500,000 IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day every 12 hours every day for 10 days , then 1 suppository 2 times a day every 12 hours every fourth day for 10 days. Then every 4 weeks until delivery - VIFERON® 150,000 IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day after 12 hours every day for 5 days. If necessary, it is indicated before delivery (from the 38th week of gestation) VIFERON® 500,000 IU, 1 suppository 2 times a day after 12 hours every day for 10 days.

VIFERON® Gel and VIFERON® Ointment are used as local therapy for chickenpox.

Complications of chickenpox

The main and dangerous complications of chickenpox are myocarditis and encephalitis. Such complications are typical for adults and those children who have weakened immune systems.

In addition to ordinary chickenpox, there are bullous, gangrenous and hemorrhagic forms. These are severe types of disease with complications. If the wounds become infected with a bacterial infection, another complication may develop - pyoderma. This complication often occurs in children.

The rash with ordinary chickenpox leaves no traces, but with such suppuration, scars are possible.

Symptoms of chickenpox in children and manifestations in adults

During the development of the disease, doctors distinguish four periods: incubation, prodromal and periods of the appearance of rashes and the formation of crusts on the skin. The incubation period (the period of time from the moment a microbial agent enters the body until the symptoms of the disease appear) can last a fairly long period - up to 20 days. Among the most common signs of chickenpox are rashes on the body, chills, headache, fever, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. The rash initially looks like small red spots, which transform into papules and vesicles with clear liquid inside. They spread throughout the body, with the exception of the palms and soles, and after opening, crusts form in their place.

All this is accompanied by skin irritation and severe itching, as if infected with a fungus. When wounds suppurate, intoxication worsens and the patient's condition worsens. After healing, scars called pockmarks may remain at the site of the rash. More information about the forms of the disease

In addition to chickenpox with its usual course, there are also severe forms of this disease - bullous, hemorrhagic and gangrenous chickenpox. The bullous form is characterized by the appearance of large blisters, after which wounds and ulcers take a very long time to heal, and hemorrhagic chickenpox is characterized by the appearance of small hemorrhages on the skin. Gangrenous chickenpox causes rashes that form necrotic black crusts on the skin. All these forms most often develop in children with significantly weakened immunity and require immediate medical attention to select a course of therapy.

How to treat chickenpox

Chickenpox is treated symptomatically: with antipyretic drugs, antihistamines in the form of tablets or ointments for external use. In some cases, taking antiviral medications is recommended to help the body fight off the infection faster. Mouth ulcers heal well with sea buckthorn oil and Solcoseryl ointment. You can also rinse your mouth with weak solutions of furatsilin, soda, and potassium permanganate. Herbal decoctions diluted with alcohol tinctures of propolis or calendula are also suitable.

Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste

Meda Pharma, Switzerland

Wound healing, angioprotective, membrane stabilizing, regenerating, cytoprotective, antihypoxic drug, which is available in the form of an injection solution, gel and ointment for external use.
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Preparations for treating skin ulcers relieve inflammation, disinfect, accelerate healing, dry, and reduce itching.

Rivanol

"Rivanol" is an antiseptic for external use in the form of a solution, effective in combating mainly coccal microorganisms (streptococci, staphylococci). It is these bacteria that usually cause complications with chickenpox (carbuncles, boils). "Rivanol" is used to spot treat ulcers 3-3 times a day. Contraindications: kidney problems and pregnancy.

Rivanol 0.1%

Dina+, UK

Rivanol is an antiseptic, has antimicrobial activity, fights coccal microorganisms, and is used in gynecology, urology, surgery, dermatology, and ophthalmology.
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Five myths about chickenpox

The best cure for chickenpox is brilliant green

The most “popular” antiseptic in the form of a solution of brilliant green is widely used to prevent scratching and bacterial infections. An interesting fact is that “green stuff” is also used to mark new elements of a rash on the skin. Old elements, previously smeared with green paint, fade, but new ones remain bright because the green paint was applied recently. This helps the doctor at the appointment to assess the development of the disease.

But “brilliant” does not help against the virus, since it remains on the surface of the skin and does not penetrate deeper. There are other effective remedies and gels for external use that will help defeat the virus. At high temperatures, antipyretic drugs are used.

There is no cure for chickenpox, you just have to wait.

In fact, with chickenpox, it is still necessary to fight the itching and not allow the child to scratch the skin. Antiviral drugs will help you quickly cope with the virus and recover. And if ulcers appear on the skin or bacterial pneumonia develops, antibiotics are prescribed. In severe cases of chickenpox, the patient may be hospitalized in a hospital.

A child can be bathed only on the 5th day after chickenpox

Bathing in warm water relieves the child's condition and helps keep the skin clean. The main thing is not to rub the skin with a towel after taking a bath, so as not to damage the bubbles and dried crusts on the skin.

You only get chickenpox once in a lifetime.

After having chickenpox, many people remain immune for life. However, the virus, which remains in the body forever in adults, can be activated with decreased immunity, stress and other negative factors. In this case, they talk about shingles.

Chickenpox is a “mild” disease

The course of chickenpox varies. Sometimes there are very few blisters on the skin, the body temperature does not rise and the state of health is relatively good. But in other cases there are a lot of rashes, new ones constantly appear, body temperature rises to 39-40 0C. To prevent this, you must remember to consult a doctor for advice and timely use of antiviral drugs.

Reference and information material

Author of the article

Belyaev Dmitry Alexandrovich

General doctor

The drug VIFERON®, rectal suppositories is registered in the State Register No. P N000017/01 (First Registration Certificate No. 96/432/5 dated December 31, 1996). Other interferon preparations approved for use in newborns and pregnant women are registered in the State Register after July 12, 2009.
Timchenko V.N., Chernova T.M. MODERN ASPECTS OF ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY OF CHICKENZOX IN CHILDREN, Children's infections, 2011.

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Tsindol

“Tsindol” for chickenpox perfectly relieves inflammation, disinfects wounds, and dries out burst blisters. The suspension should be used to treat the rash 3-5 times a day, depending on the severity of the condition. "Tsindol" is completely safe, so it is prescribed to children under one year of age and to pregnant women. The only contraindication is intolerance to zinc oxide.

Tsindol

Yaroslavl Pharmaceutical Factory, Russia

Diaper rash, diaper rash, prickly heat, dermatitis, ulcerative skin lesions, superficial wounds, eczema in the acute phase, herpes simplex, streptoderma, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores.
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Acyclovir for chickenpox

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antiviral drug with antiherpetic action.
Since the causative agent of chickenpox is the hepresvirus Varicella-Zoster, doctors quite often prescribe Acyclovir for the disease. Available in tablets, as an ointment or cream, and as a solution for intravenous infusion. The main active ingredient is acyclovir. The most commonly used tablet form. The tablet contains 200 mg of active substance. It should be noted that children are given Acyclovir
only in case of severe
chickenpox
.
Acyclovir for chickenpox in children
is prescribed to infants under one year of age, because
they have a very severe course of the disease. For children over one year old, the doctor prescribes Acyclovir in case of a large number of rashes, severe intoxication of the body, or high fever. For chickenpox, the dosage of acyclovir
for each child is individual and depends on his weight.
Acyclovir tablets for chickenpox in children
are taken for at least 5 days, 4 times a day, with plenty of liquid:

children 1-2 years old – 0.5 tablets;
children 2-5 years old – 1 tablet;
children over 5 years old – 4 tablets.

Acyclovir ointment for chickenpox

prescribed to children for treatment of rashes from birth. The ointment is applied only to the vesicles, being careful not to touch the skin. The dosage will be prescribed by the doctor. It depends on the child’s weight and the number of rashes. Treatment of vesicles should be carried out from the first day of the appearance of the rash every 4 hours for at least 5 days.

A solution for intravenous infusion is prescribed to children of any age who are being treated in a hospital.

In adults Acyclovir for chickenpox

is, in most cases, a serious help, because they tolerate the disease much more difficult.

How and how much to take Acyclovir for chickenpox in adults

the doctor should tell you.

According to the instructions
for use of Acyclovir for chickenpox
in adults, 4 tablets are usually prescribed 5 times a day at regular intervals for 10 days, washed down with plenty of water. The ointment should be applied to the rash with a thin layer 5 times a day for 10 days.

Use of Acyclovir for chickenpox

Experts consider it the safest and most effective for treatment. Acyclovir is able to penetrate cells affected by viruses and prevent viruses from multiplying.

Before using Acyclovir to prevent chickenpox,

It is necessary to consult a specialist who will determine the dose and duration of its use. How long to take Acyclovir for prophylaxis depends on the period of infection.

When preventing chickenpox, children under two years of age are prescribed ½ adult dose of Acyclovir, but adjustments are permissible depending on the characteristics of the child’s body.

In children, Acyclovir can cause adverse reactions: headaches, weakness, drowsiness, allergic reactions, a decrease in red and white blood cells in the blood, etc.

Therefore, the drug can be used in children only as prescribed by a doctor.

Reviews:

Parents who gave their children Acyclovir in tablets and lubricated the rashes with ointment write that this is a real salvation: it is convenient to use, acts quickly, and is inexpensive. When using Acyclovir, children tolerate itching more easily, the rashes dry out and fall off faster. But there is also a negative point: the risk of allergic reactions.

Most adults write that thanks to Acyclovir, the condition improves within 2-3 days, and chickenpox goes away with minimal consequences.

', '~DETAIL_TEXT' => '

Acyclovir –

antiviral drug with antiherpetic action.

Since the causative agent of chickenpox is the hepresvirus Varicella-Zoster, doctors quite often prescribe Acyclovir for the disease.

Available in tablets, as an ointment or cream, and as a solution for intravenous infusion. The main active ingredient is acyclovir. The most commonly used tablet form. The tablet contains 200 mg of active substance.

It should be noted that children are given Acyclovir

only for severe
chickenpox
.

Acyclovir for chickenpox in children

prescribed to infants up to one year old, because they have a very severe course of the disease. For children over one year old, the doctor prescribes Acyclovir in case of a large number of rashes, severe intoxication of the body, or high fever.

For chickenpox dosage of acyclovir

for each child is individual and depends on his weight.

Acyclovir tablets for chickenpox in children

Take for at least 5 days, 4 times a day, with plenty of liquid:

children 1-2 years old – 0.5 tablets;
children 2-5 years old – 1 tablet;
children over 5 years old – 4 tablets.

Acyclovir ointment for chickenpox

A solution for intravenous infusion is prescribed to children of any age who are being treated in a hospital.

In adults Acyclovir for chickenpox

is, in most cases, a serious help, because they tolerate the disease much more difficult.

How and how much to take Acyclovir for chickenpox in adults

the doctor should tell you.

Use of Acyclovir for chickenpox

Experts consider it the safest and most effective for treatment. Acyclovir is able to penetrate cells affected by viruses and prevent viruses from multiplying.

Before using Acyclovir to prevent chickenpox,

It is necessary to consult a specialist who will determine the dose and duration of its use. How long to take Acyclovir for prophylaxis depends on the period of infection.

When preventing chickenpox, children under two years of age are prescribed ½ adult dose of Acyclovir, but adjustments are permissible depending on the characteristics of the child’s body.

In children, Acyclovir can cause adverse reactions: headaches, weakness, drowsiness, allergic reactions, a decrease in red and white blood cells in the blood, etc.

Therefore, the drug can be used in children only as prescribed by a doctor.

Reviews:

Most adults write that thanks to Acyclovir, the condition improves within 2-3 days, and chickenpox goes away with minimal consequences.

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Acyclovir –

antiviral drug with antiherpetic action.

Since the causative agent of chickenpox is the hepresvirus Varicella-Zoster, doctors quite often prescribe Acyclovir for the disease.

It should be noted that children are given Acyclovir

only for severe
chickenpox
.

Acyclovir for chickenpox in children

For chickenpox dosage of acyclovir

for each child is individual and depends on his weight.

Acyclovir tablets for chickenpox in children

Take for at least 5 days, 4 times a day, with plenty of liquid:

children 1-2 years old – 0.5 tablets;
children 2-5 years old – 1 tablet;
children over 5 years old – 4 tablets.

Acyclovir ointment for chickenpox

A solution for intravenous infusion is prescribed to children of any age who are being treated in a hospital.

In adults Acyclovir for chickenpox

is, in most cases, a serious help, because they tolerate the disease much more difficult.

How and how much to take Acyclovir for chickenpox in adults

the doctor should tell you.

Use of Acyclovir for chickenpox

Experts consider it the safest and most effective for treatment. Acyclovir is able to penetrate cells affected by viruses and prevent viruses from multiplying.

Before using Acyclovir to prevent chickenpox,

It is necessary to consult a specialist who will determine the dose and duration of its use. How long to take Acyclovir for prophylaxis depends on the period of infection.

When preventing chickenpox, children under two years of age are prescribed ½ adult dose of Acyclovir, but adjustments are permissible depending on the characteristics of the child’s body.

In children, Acyclovir can cause adverse reactions: headaches, weakness, drowsiness, allergic reactions, a decrease in red and white blood cells in the blood, etc.

Therefore, the drug can be used in children only as prescribed by a doctor.

Reviews:

Most adults write that thanks to Acyclovir, the condition improves within 2-3 days, and chickenpox goes away with minimal consequences.

Material prepared by: Ravodin Roman Anatolchevich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

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Calamine

Calamine topical lotion is based on zinc and calamine oxide. The medicine for chickenpox relieves itching, irritation and inflammation well, and works as an antiseptic. “Calamine” is also as harmless as possible, but is not suitable for those who have individual sensitivity to zinc.

Calamine

The drug Calamine lotion is used in dermatological practice, in the treatment of diseases accompanied by itchy skin.
Therefore, the lotion is prescribed for the complex treatment of chickenpox, eczema, and psoriasis. Used for dermatitis, acne, herpes. Used in the treatment of skin rashes, herpes zoster, urticaria, rubella, etc. from 219

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Furacilin

Wounds with chickenpox should be treated with a 0.02% solution of Furacilin 3-4 times a day (it is better to use a cotton pad). The product relieves inflammation, kills germs, and dries wounds well. "Furacilin" can also be used for ulcers on the mucous membranes.

Furacilin solution

Samaramedprom OJSC, Russia; PJSC "Biosintez", Russia; JSC Dalkhimfarm, Russia; Vips-Med, Russia

Externally: purulent wounds, bedsores, stage II – III burns, minor skin damage (including abrasions, scratches, cracks, cuts).
Locally: blepharitis, conjunctivitis, boil of the external auditory canal; osteomyelitis, empyema of the paranasal sinuses, pleura (washing the cavities); acute external and otitis media, tonsillitis, stomatitis, gingivitis. from 36

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Chlorhexidine

"Chlorhexidine" (or its analogue "Miramistin") for chickenpox is applied to the vesicles 2-3 times a day. The product is also suitable for rinsing your mouth. "Chlorhexidine" is a broad-spectrum antiseptic with antimicrobial and antifungal effects.

Chlorhexidine

Update, Russia

Prevention of sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes).
Disinfection of purulent wounds, infected burn surfaces; treatment of infections of the skin and mucous membranes in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, urology (urethritis, urethroprostatitis), dentistry (gingivitis, stomatitis, aphthae, periodontitis, alveolitis). from 10

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Instructions for use of ACICLOVIR

Adults:

Infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2:

200 mg 5 times a day with an interval of 4 hours (except for the period of night sleep). The course of treatment usually lasts 5 days, but can be increased according to the patient's condition and response to therapy. In patients with immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in patients with impaired absorption from the intestine, the dose may be increased to 400 mg 5 times a day or the possibility of intravenous use of the drug should be considered.

Prevention of recurrent infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2:

in patients with a normal immune system:
200 mg 4 times / day with an interval of 6 hours or 400 mg 2 times / day with an interval of 12 hours between doses. The use of the drug should be started as soon as possible after the infection occurs; in case of relapses, it is recommended to begin use in the prodromal period or after the first signs of infection appear. For many patients, the desired effect can be achieved using 200 mg twice a day with an interval of 12 hours. In some patients, relapses can be observed at a dose of 800 mg / day.

Treatment should be interrupted every 6-12 months to study possible changes in the course of the disease.

in patients with immunodeficiency:
200 mg 4 times / day with an interval of 6 hours. In patients with severe immunodeficiency (for example, after bone marrow transplantation) or in patients with impaired absorption from the intestine, the dose can be increased to 400 mg 5 times / day or it is necessary to consider the possibility of intravenous use of the drug.

The duration of prophylactic use is determined by the length of the period of risk of infection.

Infections caused by Varicella zoster:

800 mg 5 times a day with an interval of 4 hours (except for the period of night sleep). Treatment should last for 7 days.

For patients with immunodeficiency

it is necessary to consider the possibility of intravenous use of the drug.

Treatment with acyclovir will be more effective if started as soon as possible after the rash appears.

Treatment of chickenpox

in immunocompromised patients should be started within 24 hours of the onset of the rash.

Varicella (Chicken pox):
20 mg/kg body weight (not to exceed 800 mg) every 8 hours for five days. Treatment should be started when the first signs and symptoms of the disease appear.

Adults (if kidney function is impaired):

In the treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses,

in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <10 ml/min), a dose reduction to 200 mg of acyclovir twice daily with an interval of 12 hours is recommended.

In the treatment of chickenpox

in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min), it is recommended to adjust the dose to 800 mg of acyclovir 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours. In patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 10-25 ml/min) - 800 mg of acyclovir 3 times a day with an interval of 8 hours.

Children:

Treatment and prevention of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in immunocompromised children:
Children over 2 years of age
should take the adult dose, and
children under 2 years of age
should take half the dose.

Treatment of chickenpox:
children 6 years and older
- 800 mg 1 time / day;

2-5 years - 400 mg 1 time / day;
children under 2 years old
- 200 mg 1 time / day.

Treatment should last 5 days.

For the treatment of chickenpox in children with immunodeficiency, it is necessary to consider the possibility of intravenous use of the drug.

There are no data on the prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections or the treatment of herpes zoster virus infections in immunocompetent children.

In elderly patients

clearance of acyclovir decreases. Particular attention should be paid to dose reduction in elderly patients with reduced creatinine clearance. Before using large doses of acyclovir, especially in elderly patients, it is recommended to assess the degree of dehydration and creatinine clearance.

Elderly patients and patients with renal failure

have an increased risk of developing neurological side effects, these reactions are usually reversible after cessation of treatment. Long-term or repeated courses of treatment with acyclovir in immunocompromised individuals may lead to the development of virus strains with reduced sensitivity to acyclovir.

Poksklin

Cooling mousse "Poksklin" for chickenpox has a completely natural base (panthenol, aloe vera, chamomile and lavender). The product cools and reduces scratching, so scars do not form. “Poksklin” relieves inflammation, has an antiseptic effect and accelerates the healing process of wounds.

Poksklin

PharmaVal AS, Netherlands

Poksklin cooling hydrogel was developed to relieve the symptoms of chickenpox over large areas of the body.
While spreading thick creams and ointments over the body can damage the blisters, the cooling hydrogel is very easy to apply and does not cause friction in sensitive areas when applied to the skin. PoxClean provides an immediate cooling effect, which significantly relieves itching. For this purpose, it can be used as many times as necessary. PoxClean contains the ingredient 2QR, a biologically active antibacterial complex. This component helps your child's natural skin immunity to block harmful bacteria. The antibacterial component in PoxClean is a polysaccharide obtained from the plant extract of Aloe Vera. It creates a barrier on the skin, thereby preventing the penetration and spread of bacteria on the surface of the skin. from 272

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Chickenpox in adults

02.08.2015

It is a well-known fact: it is better to get over “childhood” diseases in childhood, ideally in preschool age. Chickenpox in adults is one of the most striking examples of this. If you didn't get chickenpox as a child and haven't been vaccinated against varicella-zoster virus, your introduction to chickenpox can be one of your biggest challenges.

Why is chickenpox dangerous in adults?

We immediately need to make a clarification: for so-called “childhood” diseases, the concept of “adult” begins already in adolescence. If the disease overtook you after 12 years, the likelihood of moderate or even severe chickenpox with a bunch of side effects is higher, the older you are. People over 50 years of age suffer the most from chickenpox if they are sick with it for the first time. However, fortunately, the chances that an adult will not have time to become infected with the varicella-zoster virus before such an advanced age are almost zero.

Where and how can an adult become infected with chickenpox?

Paradox: an adult is many times more likely to encounter the chickenpox virus than children. The same applies to teenagers who begin to move around outside the home a lot. The varicella-zoster virus is extremely volatile, easily travels through the air, and is transmitted by airborne droplets. And a sick person is contagious even before the first symptoms appear (about 48 hours before them). That is, no contact with the patient is needed. You can simply ride in the same elevator, in the same subway car, you can walk past a virus carrier, or sit in his place at a table in a cafe. The only thing that saves us is the instability of the virus that has entered the air. But you don’t really have to count on this if you haven’t had chickenpox yet.

Just as one cannot rely on nonspecific immunity. If someone tells you that a good immune system can save you from chickenpox, don’t believe it. The only way to become immune to the varicella-zoster virus is to become infected with the virus, either through illness or vaccination. And this immunity lasts as long as this virus is present in the body. Therefore, when an adult who claims that he did not have chickenpox as a child does not get chickenpox, there are only two options. Either in childhood he had asymptomatic chickenpox, or for some reason this disease was not recorded in his children's medical record. Alas, there are still parents who manage not to remember what their children were sick with in childhood.

Be careful: you can also get chickenpox from someone who has herpes zoster (shingles), because this disease is also caused by the varicella-zoster virus, being essentially a “reincarnation” of the virus in the body of a person who once had chickenpox.

Chickenpox in adults has its own seasonality - these are the winter and spring periods.

How does chickenpox occur in adults?

In adolescents and adults, chickenpox almost always occurs in a complicated form.

From the moment of infection to the first symptoms of chickenpox in an adult, a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 23 days pass. The disease begins with a sharp rise in temperature to 39-40 degrees, which can last for several days, being difficult to control. This is due to the characteristics of the immune response to the virus in adults.

At this stage, an adult with chickenpox feels weakness, aching joints and muscle pain, headaches, nausea - all these are signs of general intoxication of the body. Against the background of high fever and intoxication, an adult with chickenpox may experience loss of consciousness. In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance, since with such a course of chickenpox the patient should be observed in a hospital.

Important: under no circumstances use aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or analgin (baralgin, metamizole sodium) as an antipyretic and analgesic for chickenpox. According to numerous scientific data, the use of these drugs for chickenpox (specifically for this disease, and not in general) often leads to liver complications.

Following the fever, a chickenpox rash appears. However, the temperature may remain high. Classic blisters usually appear first on the body, then cover the neck and face. The rash can spread to the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, tongue, and even the mucous membranes of the genitals. In addition, the rash can affect the inner surfaces of the eyelids and spread to the cornea, which can lead to vision loss.

The main problem with rashes in adults is that they are not only more severe than in children, but they are almost always complicated by a bacterial infection. The blisters tend to turn into pustules - long-term non-healing pimples with purulent contents, after which so-called pockmarks - small indentations visible to the eye - can remain on the skin as a keepsake. The chickenpox rash itself lasts longer in adults than in children - up to 9 days. And its consequences often have to be cleaned up in the cosmetologist’s office.

In addition to a secondary bacterial infection, chickenpox in adults can lead to the following serious complications:

viral pneumonia (this complication occurs especially often in adolescents and pregnant women).
partial or complete loss of vision (when the rash spreads to the cornea of the eye, scars remain in place of the blisters)
vulvitis in women and inflammation of the foreskin in men
Optic neuritis (can also lead to vision loss).
viral tracheitis, laryngitis (with a rash affecting the mucous membranes of the pharynx).
acute stomatitis
renal failure
toxic liver damage
encephalitis and meningitis (these complications occur when the chickenpox virus infects nerve cells and meninges.

As you can see, chickenpox in adults is no longer a harmless childhood disease. And it requires immediate treatment.

How is chickenpox treated in adults?

Children over 12 years of age and adults with chickenpox are prescribed specific antiviral treatment, and a special regimen is also prescribed. Most often, without waiting for the pustules to begin to appear, the doctor may recommend taking antibiotics.

To suppress viral activity the following may be prescribed:

1. Viricidal drugs directed specifically against herpes viruses:

acyclovir = Zovirax = Virolex (from 2 years); also use acyclovir ointment for rashes and conjunctivitis (eye damage);
valacyclovir (from 12 years old),
famciclovir (from 17 years old), isoprinosine.

2. Immunomodulators: interferon, viferon. In severe cases of chickenpox, patients are given stronger immunomodulators (thymalin, thymogen, IRS-19) and cytokine drugs (roncoleukin).

3. Immunostimulants: cycloferon, anaferon

In severe cases of chickenpox, immunoglobulins are used intravenously. All of the above drugs should be used in age-specific dosages.

To alleviate the symptoms of the disease, the following are prescribed:

Bed rest for 3-5 days (longer in complicated cases)
Careful care of the skin and mucous membranes:
treating the rash sites with antiseptic drugs to prevent secondary infection, which often accompanies chickenpox in adults (up to the formation of ulcers followed by scarring, leaving scars on the skin).
treatment of the oral mucosa - rinsing with furatsilin and/or sodium sulfacyl
for conjunctivitis, acyclovir ointment is used, and to prevent bacterial complications - albucid 20%, chloramphenicol ointment or tetracycline.
antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil, etc.);
antipyretics (ibuprofen, nurofen, or physical cooling methods - wrapping).

In addition, abundant alkaline drinking is indicated.

If a secondary bacterial infection cannot be avoided, antibiotics are used strictly as prescribed by the doctor , with 3rd generation cephalosporins being the drug of choice.

Important: if you have chickenpox or are recovering from it, beware of sunbathing during this period, as chickenpox rash can cause pigmentation disorders in the affected areas of the skin. It is best to hide chickenpox-affected areas of the body until complete healing, since even fresh chickenpox scars can become hyperpigmented.

Adults with pustular chickenpox are advised to avoid water treatments until the pimples begin to dry out.

Chickenpox during pregnancy

If a woman who is not vaccinated or has not had chickenpox gets sick during pregnancy, the unborn child may develop congenital smallpox, which manifests itself as scars on the skin, low birth weight, and even delayed mental and physical development. But the risk that chickenpox during pregnancy will cause certain consequences depends on the stage of pregnancy at which the infection occurred. Chickenpox in late pregnancy is much more dangerous than chickenpox in early pregnancy.

Chickenpox in the early stages can lead to missed pregnancy and miscarriage, however, if the fetus survives, the risk of chickenpox complications will be very small (less than 1%).

Chickenpox in the 2nd trimester has consequences for the unborn child in about 2% of cases.

The greatest risk is for pregnant women to become infected in the 3rd trimester. If a pregnant woman becomes infected with chickenpox a few days before giving birth, then the risk of congenital chickenpox in the unborn child is 20-25%.

Source: Parents Happy parents

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In the Nizhny Novgorod region, 1.5 million people were vaccinated against influenza

In the Nizhny Novgorod region, flu vaccination is being completed, the press service of the regional government reported. The vaccination campaign covered less than half of the region’s population—1.5 million people, including 388 thousand children and adolescents.

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Nacimbio launched an application about vaccinations

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Covid-19 vaccines will be included in the preventive vaccination calendar

Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin instructed to include vaccines against the new coronavirus infection in the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications, taking into account priority. Previously, COVID-19 vaccines were included in the VED. Mishustin noted that changes to the order of the Ministry of Health “On approval of the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations and the Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations for Epidemic Indications” must be made before December 17, 2020.

Vaccination against coronavirus has begun in Crimea

“Vaccination begins today in Crimea. First of all, high-risk medical workers who work with patients with a new coronavirus infection will be vaccinated. In the future, the daily number of vaccinated people will depend on the volume of vaccine received,” wrote the head of the republic, Sergei Aksenov, on his page on the VKontakte social network.

Cases of dangerous measles continue to be recorded in the Volgograd region

In the Volgograd region in 2021, measles was laboratory confirmed. This was reported by the regional department of Rospotrebnadzor. It is known that a dangerous disease manifests itself in those who have not been vaccinated. This year, 1 case of measles was confirmed in the region.

Scientists will combine the Oxford vaccine with Sputnik V

Scientists from the University of Oxford and the Russian Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Epidemiology will join forces to work on a vaccine for COVID-19. They agreed to conduct clinical trials of a combination of two drugs - the British vaccine and one of the two components of the Russian Sputnik V, the Russian Direct Investment Fund and the Swedish-British pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca reported.

Fenistil

"Fenistil" is a safe antihistamine (antiallergic) drug of a new generation. To reduce the itching of chickenpox, antihistamines are used, this is especially true for children who cannot control themselves and scratch the wounds. It is not advisable to use Fenistil gel for chickenpox, since due to the treatment of large areas of the body it can be toxic to the body. But Fenistil drops for chickenpox are a good way to relieve itching. The number of drops is calculated based on the patient's weight.

Fenistil

GlaxoSmithKline, GSK, UK

The antiallergic effect of Fenistil is associated with competitive blockade of H1-histamine receptors.
Symptomatic treatment of allergic diseases such as: urticaria; allergic rhinitis; food allergies; drug allergy. Elimination of itching from: insect bites; chicken pox; atopic dermatitis. from 237

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Cetirizine

Doctors often prescribe Cetirizine (Zyrtec) for chickenpox. For children - in drops, for adults - in tablets. The drug relieves symptoms well in itchy allergic dermatoses, has no contraindications and is usually well tolerated.

Cetirizine

JSC VERTEX, Russia

seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunctival hyperemia);
urticaria (including chronic idiopathic urticaria); hay fever (hay fever); itching; angioedema (Quincke's edema); itchy allergic dermatoses. from 36

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Fenkarol

Fenkarol is a relatively new anti-allergy drug on the pharmaceutical market, but has already proven its effectiveness and safety. The product is good at relieving itching and inflammation due to chickenpox. Typically, Fenkarol is well tolerated and has no side effects. The only contraindication is pregnancy.

Fenkarol

Olaina Chemical Plant, Latvia

- hay fever;
- acute and chronic urticaria; - angioedema; - allergic rhinitis; — dermatoses (including eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis); — neurodermatitis; - skin itching. from 176

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