What you can and cannot eat if you have gout: menu and diet No. 6

Diet for gout and high uric acid: what can and cannot be eaten?

A proper diet for gout is as much an element of therapy as medications, physiotherapy and therapeutic exercises. Consumption of prohibited foods reduces the effectiveness of therapy, fills cells with purines, and provokes active production of uric acid. The result is increased discomfort, severe pain in the joints, increased swelling, and poor tests.

When developing a treatment regimen, the doctor reminds the patient how important diet is for gout and high uric acid, what is possible and what is not. A table of foods that have a positive and negative effect on the metabolism of uric acid in the body will help you create a menu for gout for every day.

Why do you need to stick to a diet?

The main essence of the diet for gout is control over the production and excretion of uric acid. This nutritional system helps to improve well-being and reduce pain, as a result of which the disease recedes.

The consequences of not following a diet for gout include:

• kidney disease (gouty nephritis);
• development of renal failure;
• arterial hypertension and damage to the cardiovascular system;
• damage to other internal organs with the formation of gouty nodes in them (heart, lungs, brain);
• atherosclerosis;
• damage to all joints and the development of erosive arthritis.

It should be noted that this diet does not cure, but only promotes the accelerated release of acid and salts during exacerbation of arthrosis. It also significantly reduces body weight, which plays an important role in the recovery of the body after heavy drug therapy.

Reviews and results

The overwhelming number of patients talk about the effectiveness of nutritional therapy for gout. Eating according to the menu of Dietary Table No. 6 allows you to quickly, together with medicinal drugs, normalize the metabolism in the body and relieve exacerbations.

• “... The diagnosis of gouty arthritis was made relatively recently (about a year ago), after the first attack. Tests confirmed the diagnosis. I carefully re-read all the information on the Internet about “what diet for gout, practical recommendations.” I carefully analyzed all the information and decided not just to go on a diet, but to completely change my lifestyle: I practice maximum consumption of fruits and vegetables, drink a lot of fluids, especially mineral water and herbal teas, reduced my weight to normal, introduced morning walking walks. The condition has improved significantly, there are no attacks yet”;
• “... I have not yet been diagnosed with gout, but tests showed that there is an increased level of uric acid in the body and they warned that if its levels in the blood are not reduced in time, then in the near future I may become a regular patient of a rheumatologist. Naturally, I wouldn’t want to become sick at just over 30 years old. Therefore, I spent 6 months on a strict diet and followed all the therapist’s recommendations. Now the tests show the norm, but I will still stick to proper nutrition, because I am afraid that the situation may worsen with age.”

Varieties

Diet 6E refers to varieties of Table No. 6. Prescribed for similar indications in obese patients. The energy value is reduced to 1950-2000 Kcal (protein content at 70 g, fat at 80 g, carbohydrates at 250 g).

The consumption of simple carbohydrates (fresh wheat bread, sugar, honey, sweets, confectionery and flour products) and less complex carbohydrates (cereals) are mainly reduced. Meat intake is limited to 1-2 times a week. Eat small portions (fractional) up to 5-6 times a day, drink plenty of fluids, especially slightly alkaline mineral waters.

Vegetables and fruits are best consumed raw, but can be baked and boiled. Since the diet is not physiologically complete, it can be prescribed for a period of no more than 2 weeks.

Basic principles of nutrition for gout

It is important to follow several recommendations for shaping your daily diet. The diet for gout and high uric acid, what is possible and what is not, includes the following rules:

1. Eat the right fats. When reducing the level of animal fats in your diet, include vegetable oils, in particular olive, sunflower, and corn oils.
2. Lose weight. Excess body weight aggravates the course of the disease, provokes kidney dysfunction, and eliminates the possibility of normal excretion of uric acid. If you are overweight, reduce the energy value of your diet.
3. Drink a lot. In the absence of edema and normal kidney function, abundant fluid intake is recommended. It is important for you to drink at least two and a half liters of liquids per day, including plain water with lemon juice, as well as fruit and berry juices, herbal teas, rosehip infusion, and milk.
4. Take a multivitamin. To correct the condition, it is especially important to consume sufficient amounts of vitamins C, PP and B2.
5. Eat foods that alkalize your urine. These include almost all fresh fruits and berries. Their value in the diet also lies in their high potassium content, which has a diuretic effect.
6. Drink alkaline mineral water. It alkalinizes urine, which makes its composition active against uric acid. The alkaline reaction of urine helps dissolve dangerous compounds and reduces the risk of disease progression.
7. Avoid alcohol. Alcoholic drinks disrupt kidney function, which makes it impossible to remove uric acid from the body. Even taking them periodically can provoke an attack and exacerbation.
8. Reduce salt content. Salt itself promotes the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. Its increased content in food reduces the intensity of urine excretion and causes swelling, which eliminates the diuretic effect necessary during exacerbations. Reduce salt intake in dishes to a minimum.

It is also worth arranging fasting days. Once a week, give your body a relief from rich food. What is good for you is one-day mono-diets on foods low in purines. In the summer, arrange fasting days on watermelons, which perfectly remove uric acid and salts from the body. In spring and autumn, use cucumber and apple mono-diets. In winter, potato is suitable. All of these foods are rich in potassium and fiber that are valuable to you.

General rules

Gout is a chronic relapsing disease based on a disorder of purine metabolism. of urates (uric acid salts) in the body

Signs, symptoms and treatment

The main diagnostic signs and symptoms include:

• An acute attack of arthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe (most often) in which there is a sharp cutting/burning pain in the affected joint on the legs, the skin over the joint becomes purplish and hot to the touch, and the joint swells. Any touch to it causes severe pain, which can last from 2-3 hours to 2-3 days. The most common is “gout of the legs,” but much less often the thumbs, elbows, knees, and ankle joints can also be affected.
• The presence of specific gouty nodes - tophi , which are deposits of sodium urate in soft tissues in the form of hard nodules, mainly on the extensor surface of the thighs, above the joints of the foot, leg and Achilles tendons.
• Increased levels of uric acid in the blood (based on poor diet or kidney disease).

Treatment of the disease is complex and the most important component of the treatment process is diet therapy. Therapeutic nutrition involves reducing the energy value of the diet (as a rule, patients with gout have increased body weight), limiting the intake of exogenous purines, as well as fats, which reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys.

The main diet for gout of the legs is Dietary Table No. 6 with the aim of normalizing the metabolism of purines (nitrogen-containing organic compounds), reducing the level of uric acid and salts formed during the metabolism of purines, and shifting the urine reaction to the alkaline side. It is in an alkaline environment that the solubility of urates increases, the removal of uric acid from the body is accelerated and, at the same time, the process of their formation is disrupted.

The energy value of a therapeutic diet is about 2700-2800 Kcal. The nutrition is physiologically complete with a slight reduction in the diet of proteins to 70-80 g and fats, mainly refractory to 80-90 g. In the absence of obesity , the carbohydrate content is about 400 g. The amount of free liquid is 2 liters.

Diet for gout. The table provides for a strict restriction/prohibition of foods rich in purine bases and oxalic acid with a slight restriction of sodium chloride (up to 10 g/day). In this case, products that have an alkalizing effect (vegetables/fruits, milk) are introduced. To guide patients, special tables have been developed indicating the content of purine bases in food products.

Product name	Approximate content of purine bases (mg/100 g of product)
Sprats	87
Beef	80-100
Sardines	125
Beef liver	300
Chicken	110
Peas	105
Herring	128
Veal	150
Rabbit	65
Salmon	100
Dry yeast	750
Beans	75
Soybeans	90
Mussels	150
Trout	85
Beef tongue	72
Wholemeal bread	24

Such a table can be downloaded on the Internet, it can be printed and used when creating your menu.

Boiled meat for gout

There are no special requirements for the preparation of products, with the exception of meat processing. In order to reduce the purine content in the dish, meat is prepared exclusively by boiling. At the same time, the meat is pre-boiled briefly for 10-15 minutes, after which the broth is drained and further cooking continues. Outside the period of exacerbation, meat and fish dishes can be included in the menu no more than 2-3 times a week, and the amount of meat and fish per day should not exceed 150 g. Meals for gout are fractional, 5 times, in the intervals between meals - drink plenty of fluids.

The anti-gout diet involves fasting days (once a week) - cottage cheese-kefir - 400 g of low-fat cottage cheese and 1 liter of kefir; fruit - up to 1.5 kg of permitted vegetables/fruits, with an increase in fluid intake during this period to 3 liters (in the absence of contraindications).

Diet for gout during an exacerbation requires more careful formation of the diet. During an exacerbation of gout, it is necessary to completely exclude all meat and fish products from the diet. The optimal diet during this period is a vegetarian diet , including milk and vegetable soups, liquid cereals, fermented milk products, decoctions of vegetables and fruits, fruit juices, herbal teas. Exacerbation of the disease requires more frequent fasting days (optimally every other day). During this period, increased consumption of alkaline mineral waters is shown.

Diet for gout during an exacerbation

During an exacerbation of gout, a properly selected diet will help get rid of unpleasant painful symptoms and restore the mobility that a person loses during the development of inflammation. You can completely exclude meat and fish products from the menu.

Nutrition for gout involves more frequent fasting days (every other day). In case of exacerbation, you can use the following menu for 1 day:

1. On an empty stomach: half a glass of preheated alkaline mineral water or rosehip decoction (you can use chicory).
2. Breakfast: half a serving of oatmeal porridge (it should be liquid), a glass of milk. 11 o'clock: 1 glass of apple juice. Instead, you can eat raw apples (1 pc.).
3. Lunch: pureed vegetable soup (half a serving), milk-based jelly. 17 hours: carrot or tomato juice (glass).
4. Dinner: half a serving of liquid milk rice porridge, 1 glass of fruit compote (strawberries, pears, apples). 21 hours: a glass of kefir.
5. At night: tea with milk and honey (not advisable for diabetes) or green tea without sugar - 1 glass.

This menu can be used until the symptoms of inflammation in the legs disappear.

Comments from nutritionists

Many patients underestimate proper nutrition for gout. Meanwhile, a strict antipurine diet in combination with taking anti-gout drugs can significantly slow down the rate of progression of destruction of osteochondral tissue, prevent the formation of tophi and preserve the function of the musculoskeletal system as much as possible.

Some patients practice fasting, especially during an exacerbation. This should not be done, since during fasting the level of uric acid , which is extremely undesirable. Fasting days only.

What can you eat if you have gout?

Gout is not a simple disease that requires a responsible attitude and adherence to the principles of proper nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to understand what you can eat if you have gout. The product table will help us with this.

Diet for gout and high uric acid, what you can eat, food table:

List of foods you can eat:	Features of use:
Black or white bread, savory pastries.
Marshmallows, marmalade, jam, marshmallows, non-chocolate candies, ice cream.
Cereal porridge with milk, vegetarian borscht, potato soups with added cereals, salads with fresh and pickled vegetables, vinaigrette, vegetable caviar, vegetable, milk or sour cream sauce.	In this case, the milk should be diluted.
Oranges, tangerines, green apples, dates, persimmons, dried fruits (except raisins), strawberries, lemons, apricots, pears.	Naturally, you should not eat only fruits and in large quantities. Nutrition should be complete and varied.
Dill, corn, beets, onions, garlic, potatoes, carrots, white cabbage, cucumbers, zucchini, eggplant, tomatoes, pumpkin (helps improve metabolism).	Garlic is most useful, as it helps eliminate the inflammatory process. In addition, vegetables are actively used during fasting days. Potatoes and cucumbers have a large amount of potassium, so they enhance the removal of uric acid from the body.
All cereals except legumes.	Beans are on the list of foods that should not be eaten, as they contain uric acid, and in large quantities.
Marine cephalopods, crustaceans, shrimp, lean fish (salmon, trout), squid.	These foods are very beneficial for gout. The diet includes boiled fish, and it is advisable to drain the broth.
Rabbit, turkey, chicken.	Any meat is consumed 2-3 times a week and no more than 170 g.

Drinks include: green tea, tea from fruits and berries, tea with milk and lemon, juice (any, even tomato), herbal infusions, fruit drinks, compotes from fruits and berries, fresh cucumber juice, alkaline mineral water for gout is also very useful , rosehip decoction, chicory.

Authorized Products

It is recommended to include most vegetables in the diet: white cabbage, carrots, zucchini, tomatoes, eggplant, cucumbers. Potatoes are especially useful. Fruits - plums, pears, apples, apricots, oranges and various berries.

It is recommended to cook various cereals with diluted milk and whole grain pasta. Meat in small quantities can include turkey, rabbit, and chicken. Soups are only allowed to be made vegetarian. The diet should include low-fat milk, fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese and dishes made from it, low-fat sour cream, and unsalted cheese.

It is allowed to eat chicken eggs (one per day) and boiled fish, white (dried) and black bread. Fats include vegetable oils (olive, flaxseed). Sweets included in the diet include marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade, and non-chocolate candies. Be sure to include cucumber juice, lingonberry juice, and weakly mineralized alkaline mineral waters in your diet. Drink - decoction of rose hips, chicory, wheat bran, green tea, compotes, juices of vegetables, fruits, berries.

Table of permitted products

Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
eggplant	1,2	0,1	4,5	24
zucchini	0,6	0,3	4,6	24
potato	2,0	0,4	18,1	80
carrot	1,3	0,1	6,9	32
cucumbers	0,8	0,1	2,8	15
tomatoes	0,6	0,2	4,2	20
Fruits
apricots	0,9	0,1	10,8	41
oranges	0,9	0,2	8,1	36
pears	0,4	0,3	10,9	42
plums	0,8	0,3	9,6	42
apples	0,4	0,4	9,8	47
Nuts and dried fruits
prunes	2,3	0,7	57,5	231
Bakery products
wheat bread	8,1	1,0	48,8	242
bran bread	7,5	1,3	45,2	227
Confectionery
jam	0,3	0,2	63,0	263
marshmallows	0,8	0,0	78,5	304
paste	0,5	0,0	80,8	310
Raw materials and seasonings
honey	0,8	0,0	81,5	329
Dairy
milk	3,2	3,6	4,8	64
kefir 2.5%	2,8	2,5	3,9	50
Ryazhenka 2.5%	2,9	2,5	4,2	54
curdled milk	2,9	2,5	4,1	53
acidophilus	2,8	3,2	3,8	57
yogurt	4,3	2,0	6,2	60
Cheeses and cottage cheese
sulguni cheese	20,0	24,0	0,0	290
cottage cheese 0.6% (low fat)	18,0	0,6	1,8	88
Meat products
rabbit	21,0	8,0	0,0	156
Bird
chicken	16,0	14,0	0,0	190
turkey	19,2	0,7	0,0	84
Eggs
chicken eggs	12,7	10,9	0,7	157
Oils and fats
butter	0,5	82,5	0,8	748
linseed oil	0,0	99,8	0,0	898
olive oil	0,0	99,8	0,0	898
Non-alcoholic drinks
green tea	0,0	0,0	0,0	—
Juices and compotes
juice	0,3	0,1	9,2	40
cucumber juice	0,8	0,1	2,5	14
* data is per 100 g of product

What should you not eat if you have gout?

If the patient has damage to the joints on the legs, you need to find out what you can’t eat if you have gout. The fact is that while following a diet, some foods (even fruits) are not recommended to be consumed, since they contain a certain amount of purines. It is impossible to cure or at least eliminate symptoms without proper nutrition.

Diet for gout and high uric acid, what not to eat, food table:

Meat and poultry	smoked, raw smoked and boiled sausages, sausages, sausages, meat of young animals, fatty pork meat, offal (lungs, liver, kidneys), canned food
Dairy products, eggs	salty and spicy cheeses
Seafood, fish	fatty, salted, smoked or fried fish (sardines, sprats, cod), caviar
Vegetables	mushrooms, sorrel
Cereals	lentils, beans, soybeans, beans
Sweets	cream cakes, pastries
Dishes	meat, fish or mushroom broth, sorrel soup, as well as dishes with the addition of legumes and spinach; sauces based on the above broths, mayonnaise
Spices	pepper, mustard, horseradish, hot spices
Fats	margarine, lard
Fruits, berries	grapes, figs, raspberries

The following drinks should not be consumed: any alcohol, especially beer and wine; coffee, cocoa, strong tea (despite the fact that the drinks presented contain purines, they are not broken down into uric acid, however, they have a strong diuretic effect, which promotes dehydration).

Fully or partially limited products

The diet limits the consumption of red meat (beef, lamb, pork) and strictly excludes the intake of animal by-products (beef tongue, pork liver kidneys, heart), as well as fatty varieties of sea fish and seafood (herring, mackerel, salmon, salmon, shrimp, mussels ), caviar and canned fish. It is not allowed to include any smoked, salted or pickled foods, animal (pork, beef, lamb) or cooking fat or butter in the diet. Soups and broths containing meat, fish and legumes are excluded.

Products rich in vegetable proteins (peas, beans, lentils, soybeans, beans), hot and spicy seasonings and spices (horseradish, mustard pepper), as well as products containing oxalic acid (sorrel, spinach, gelatin-containing dishes, bread kvass) are completely excluded , cocoa, coffee, jelly, chocolate, rhubarb). The ban includes cakes, cream pies, salty and spicy cheeses and a number of berries - raspberries, grapes, cranberries, figs.

The consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates in the diet is limited: pasta, fresh bread. It is undesirable to eat peppers, radishes, asparagus, and celery. Drinks include strong tea and black coffee. Drinking alcohol-containing drinks, especially red wines, beer and cognac, is prohibited. Limit consumption of salt, sweetened juices and soft drinks.

Table of prohibited products

Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
beans	6,0	0,1	8,5	57
peas	6,0	0,0	9,0	60
cauliflower	2,5	0,3	5,4	30
chickpeas	19,0	6,0	61,0	364
rhubarb	0,7	0,1	2,5	13
radish	1,2	0,1	3,4	19
soybeans	34,9	17,3	17,3	381
asparagus	1,9	0,1	3,1	20
beans	7,8	0,5	21,5	123
horseradish	3,2	0,4	10,5	56
lentils	24,0	1,5	42,7	284
sorrel	1,5	0,3	2,9	19
Fruits
figs	0,7	0,2	13,7	49
Berries
cranberry	0,5	0,0	6,8	26
raspberries	0,8	0,5	8,3	46
Flour and pasta
pasta	10,4	1,1	69,7	337
Chocolate
chocolate	5,4	35,3	56,5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
mustard	5,7	6,4	22,0	162
mayonnaise	2,4	67,0	3,9	627
Meat products
pork	16,0	21,6	0,0	259
pork liver	18,8	3,6	0,0	108
pork kidneys	13,0	3,1	0,0	80
salo	2,4	89,0	0,0	797
beef	18,9	19,4	0,0	187
beef liver	17,4	3,1	0,0	98
beef brains	9,5	9,5	0,0	124
mutton	15,6	16,3	0,0	209
bacon	23,0	45,0	0,0	500
Sausages
smoked sausage	28,2	27,5	0,0	360
Fish and seafood
pink salmon	20,5	6,5	0,0	142
Red caviar	32,0	15,0	0,0	263
squid	21,2	2,8	2,0	122
shrimps	22,0	1,0	0,0	97
salmon	19,8	6,3	0,0	142
mussels	9,1	1,5	0,0	50
herring	16,3	10,7	—	161
salmon	21,6	6,0	—	140
mackerel	18,0	13,2	0,0	191
sprats	17,4	32,4	0,4	363
Oils and fats
animal fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
cooking fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
Alcoholic drinks
red dessert wine	0,5	0,0	20,0	172
vodka	0,0	0,0	0,1	235
cognac	0,0	0,0	0,1	239
liquor	0,3	1,1	17,2	242
beer	0,3	0,0	4,6	42
Non-alcoholic drinks
coffee	0,2	0,0	0,3	2
black tea	20,0	5,1	6,9	152
* data is per 100 g of product

Sample menu for gout

A therapeutic diet for gout reduces the risk of relapse of the disease, relieves pain, and normalizes the functioning of the urinary system. In addition, such a nutritional system helps normalize body weight and is one of the principles of a healthy lifestyle.

Diet for gout and high uric acid, do’s and don’ts, sample menu:

First day:

• Before meals: a glass of rose hip decoction.
• 1st breakfast: tea with milk, cabbage salad.
• 2nd breakfast: vegetable juice.
• Lunch: borscht with vegetable broth, a piece of boiled meat with white sauce (no more than 100 g)
• Afternoon snack: a glass of rose hip decoction.
• Dinner: buckwheat with milk, vegetable cabbage rolls.
• Before bed: fruit juice.

Second day:

• Before meals: a glass of rose hip decoction.
• 1st breakfast: tea with milk, beet salad, dressed with butter or sour cream.
• 2nd breakfast: vegetable juice.
• Lunch: vegetable soup with barley, cabbage schnitzel.
• Afternoon snack: fruit juice.
• Dinner: carrot cutlets, jelly.
• Before bed: watermelon or a glass of yogurt.

The list of dishes can be combined, do not forget that the effect of diet therapy can be achieved and consolidated for a long time only with its full compliance.

Recipes for gout

Recipes for gout are very easy to prepare and do not require special preparation or a specific set of products. Anyone can repeat them at home.

Light puree soup

Required Products:

• 1 carrot, 1 onion, champignons, 2 tablespoons lemon juice, ½ teaspoon sugar, 2 tablespoons sunflower oil, 30 g cream.

Preparation:

• We clean and chop the vegetables. Place the cooked carrots and onions in a pan with heated oil, put on the fire, and simmer for 7-8 minutes. Add spinach leaves and blend until pureed. Add lemon juice, sugar and let it boil; when serving, add cream to the plate.

Cottage cheese casserole

Products:

• 3 chicken eggs, 100 g semolina, 100 g sugar, 2 packs of cottage cheese, 200 g low-fat sour cream, dried fruits, salt, soda, slaked with lemon juice.

Preparation:

• Mix all ingredients thoroughly, add 0.5 teaspoon of soda, slaked with lemon juice, and raisins. Pour the resulting mass into the prepared baking dish and bake in the oven at 180 degrees until lightly browned.

Steamed chicken meatballs with gravy

Products:

• Chicken fillet 350 g, 70 g onions, 30 ml milk, 1 chicken egg, 150 g boiled rice, 70 g white bread, pepper. Salt, herbs. For the gravy: 150 g carrots, 200 ml chicken broth, 50 g herbs, 70 g onions, vegetable oil, 50 g sour cream, 15 g wheat flour, salt, pepper, green onions for serving.

Preparation:

• Cut the chicken fillet, put it in a blender, add onions, a raw chicken egg and bread soaked in milk, pepper, and dry dill. Grind thoroughly. Add boiled cold rice, fine table salt and mix the minced meatballs, let it sit for 20 minutes in the refrigerator. Form meatballs and steam for 6-8 minutes. Sauté onions and carrots, add chicken broth, herbs, wheat flour, salt to taste and sour cream. Warm up over low heat. Place the steamed meatballs into the prepared gravy and cook for another 5-6 minutes, sprinkle with green onions.

Eggplant and minced meat casserole

Products:

• eggplant, flour, vegetable oil, onion, garlic, minced meat, tomato paste, cheese, cream, black pepper, salt.

Preparation:

• Sprinkle the eggplant slices cut lengthwise with salt, pepper to taste, roll in flour and fry a little in vegetable oil on both sides. Sauté the garlic and onion until golden brown, add the minced meat and simmer for 3 minutes. Add tomato paste, pepper and salt and water (1/2 tbsp.) Simmer for another 2 minutes. Place eggplants, minced meat and grated cheese in layers in a mold, pour in cream and bake for half an hour in a preheated oven, temperature - 180˚C.

Pumpkin puree soup

Products:

• water – 1 liter; pumpkin (pre-clean) – 500 g; butter – 2 tbsp. l.; rice – 2 tbsp. l.; milk – 2 tbsp.; sugar – 1 tbsp. l.; salt - on the tip of the knife.

Preparation:

• Place diced pumpkin, washed rice, salt and sugar in a pan, add water and cook until tender. Pour over melted butter, rub everything through a sieve or grind with a blender and pour in boiled milk. Let the soup boil and season with boiled cream.

To avoid painful symptoms, seek medical help at the first warning signs and strictly follow all the recommendations of your doctor. Including those related to nutritional adjustments. An experienced nutritionist will help you create the right menu, who will tell you what you can eat with an increased concentration of uric acid, and which foods you should avoid forever.