Examination by a gynecologist: everything about a gynecological examination

Gynecology includes a complex of tests and diagnostic methods that every woman will have to undergo more than once. An examination by a gynecologist is especially important for that category of women who suspect they have a gynecological disease, are planning motherhood, or are preparing to become a mother. Let's look at exactly what mandatory tests and studies are included in an examination by a gynecologist, how they are carried out and what they can show.

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External gynecological examination

The content of the article

External examination is a simple but very important gynecological examination, which is carried out both as a preventive measure and for direct diagnosis of pathology (in the presence of characteristic complaints or symptoms). During this examination, the doctor pays special attention to all organs located in the anogenital area - the pubis, external and internal labia, anus. After this, the internal condition of the vagina is assessed (examination of the cervix).

During a superficial examination of the genital organs, the doctor, first of all, focuses on such points as:

skin condition (dry, oily, greasy, etc.);
the nature of the hairline (sparse or thick hair, condition of the hair roots, presence of power lines, etc.);
the presence of bulges or any tumors on the surface of the genital organs;
redness, swelling of areas of the skin or the entire organ.

During a more detailed examination, the doctor spreads the external labia and conducts a visual analysis of the state of the genital anatomical structures, assessing:

clitoris;
inner labia;
opening of the urinary canal;
vagina (outside);
hymen (in teenagers).

During such an examination, the doctor may notice pathological discharge, which will indicate some kind of disorder in the woman’s body. In such a situation, an additional bacterial culture test or smear microscopy is required. This will allow you to accurately determine the presence of the disease and find out its causative agent.

What to tell your doctor

The girl will have to discuss intimate moments with the gynecologist and demonstrate her genitals. For emotional comfort, it is better to consult a female doctor to remove unnecessary constraint and achieve maximum relaxation.

At the first visit, the doctor fills out a patient card, which includes information about:

the beginning of the menstrual cycle;
periodicity of menstruation;
complaints;
past urological diseases;
sex life;
methods of protection.

You need to report gynecological or urological diseases of a chronic nature, past illnesses, thrush, cystitis or allergic reactions to the external genitalia. Any discomfort in this area may indicate the presence of a developing pathology.

If a girl plans to become sexually active, you can also talk to your doctor about this. The specialist will competently answer all your questions and tell you about the specifics of defloration.

Gynecological examinations for women and girls are different!

Girls also make an appointment with a gynecologist. External gynecological examination for girls who have not begun sexual activity and women who have lost their virginity will vary. There are 3 options for examination: recto-vaginal, vaginal and rectal. As for the first two, they are capable of providing many times more information than the last, but, as you understand, they are not suitable for teenagers.

For an experienced gynecologist, an external examination of the genital organs can provide extensive information regarding the structure and development of the genital organs, diseases associated with changes in the skin and mucous membranes, discharge, etc.

During an external gynecological examination, hypoestrogenism is easily detected. When it occurs in a woman, the doctor will be able to observe a clear pallor of the labia majora and minora, which is most often accompanied by increased dryness of the mucous membrane of the vagina and uterus.
Another common pathology that can be detected through external examination is a significant increase in the amount of estrogen in a woman’s body. During the course of such a disease, as a rule, there is an increase in the humidity of the vagina and vulva. Sometimes the mucous membrane changes color.
The color of the mucous membrane can also indicate pregnancy - the longer the period, the brighter the vaginal mucosa looks. This is due to blood flow and hormonal changes in the body.
A rare disease that can be detected by external examination of the genital organs is hyperandrogenism. It is usually characterized by a significant increase in the size of the clitoris, and its noticeable distance from the urinary canal (more than 2 cm from its previous location). This pathology may be accompanied by pronounced hypoplasia of the inner labia. Such clinical manifestations of the disease are very similar to the manifestations of a virilizing tumor, which can pose a much greater danger to a woman’s health.
Condylomas, examination inflammations, injuries to the mucous membrane and genital organs, ulcers, etc. are clearly visible during an external gynecological examination.

Features of examination by a gynecologist after childbirth

If the patient undergoes an external genital examination of the genital organs immediately after childbirth, then the doctor, first of all, pays attention to the structure and condition of her perineum. After childbirth, damage to the pelvic floor muscles or significant stretching of the vaginal walls are often observed.

With such deviations in a woman’s body, the doctor will observe a stable open state of the genital slit. As a result, this feature can lead to prolapse of the uterus from the vagina when it is tense. Violation of the integrity of the pelvic muscles also leads to periodic involuntary emptying of the bladder in a woman - urinary incontinence. In this case, a timely examination by a gynecologist can protect you from major problems in the future.

Should you be afraid of visiting a gynecologist?

Many women believe that there is no need to visit a gynecologist annually, much less every 6 months, if there are no symptoms. Fear of painful sensations and false modesty, especially among young girls, forces them to avoid necessary examinations, which can lead to undesirable and sometimes dangerous consequences. It is very important that at least the first examination takes place in a clinic such as the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with sensitive and responsive doctors. Although this attitude is important for every woman at any age, and not only at the first visit to the gynecologist.

Some patients are very afraid of examinations, believing that it always hurts. However, possible slight discomfort directly depends on the psychological mood. The fact is that it is the tense muscles of the vagina, which are not always possible to control, and their compression during the examination that cause these unpleasant sensations. The more a woman trusts the specialist she came to see, the more comfortable the examination will be and the more confidential the conversation about existing problems will be.

Internal inspection

The subsequent examination is an internal gynecological examination, which is mandatory for all women. It includes a detailed study of the condition of the uterus, cervix, and vaginal mucosa. Upon examination, the doctor sees:

Discharge
. They can be transparent, white, mixed with blood or in the form of pure blood, odorless, odorless, foamy, etc. The gynecologist necessarily takes a smear and sends the analysis for examination.
Significant anatomical defects of the uterus
. Depending on their nature (congenital or acquired), their effect on reproductive function and the possibility of treatment are determined.
Inflammation, tumor
. In addition to changes in the anatomical structure, during an internal gynecological examination, the doctor can visually notice foci of inflammation or small tumors, which clearly indicate serious disorders. However, it should be noted that many symptoms are similar in different gynecological diseases, therefore, to clarify the problem, various tests and additional examination are used, for example, if cancer is suspected, a biopsy will be required.

Previously, it was believed that pathology could be determined simply by discharge. This is how oncology, cervicitis, and benign tumors were calculated. Modern gynecologists prefer to use accurate diagnostics - tests, ultrasound and other methods.

Instruments used by a gynecologist for internal examination

An examination by a gynecologist is carried out using special mirrors, which differ in design and purpose.

Paderson mirror. It is used for those categories of patients who have an active sex life.
A more versatile mirror is the Cusco mirror. It has a folded shape.
Grave's Mirror. In fact, it is no different from the Cusco mirror: neither in design nor in efficiency.

All of the above mirrors used for internal gynecological examination are carefully sterilized in special devices - sterilizers. Therefore, when visiting a good clinic, you don’t have to be afraid of picking up an infection. Nowadays there are also disposable mirrors. They are more often used for examining women with a known dangerous infection or for gynecological examination of patients with low immunity. Also, any woman can buy a disposable gynecological kit at the pharmacy and bring it with her.

When performing a procedure for examining the cervix, the doctor selects the smallest speculum and inserts it into the vagina at an oblique angle. Approximately halfway through the length, the mirror is stopped and turned so that the gynecologist can clearly see the surface of the uterus. When the correct angle is achieved, the vaginal gynecological instrument is fixed in the required position. Mirrors are used not only to examine the uterus, but also to perform operations on it.

When examining the vagina from the inside, using a speculum, the doctor evaluates criteria such as:

general condition (are there any defects in the cover, violation of the integrity of the shell, folds of different sizes, etc.);
color of walls and mucous membrane;
changes in vaginal anatomy;
presence of tumors (any type);
shape and size of the cervix;
the presence of discharge of any character and color;
the presence of cervical tears, uterine defects.

Using a mirror, the doctor will be able to visually observe multiple polyps. Such formations are removed.

Hygiene measures before visiting a doctor

Taking a shower and putting on clean underwear before going to the doctor is a truism. However, being overzealous can be harmful. For example, you should not douche or thoroughly wash your vagina using intimate gels, soap, or deodorant. All these means are not applicable even if you have to take a microflora test - the result will be distorted. Vaginal secretions can help determine existing problems, including hormonal balance. Its artificial change can hide the manifestations of some anomalies. Before visiting a gynecologist, it is recommended:

abstain from intimacy and alcohol a day or two before the consultation;
empty your bowels and bladder;
choose comfortable clothes that help you undress easily and quickly;
hair in the intimate area does not need to be shaved; mandatory hair removal of the bikini area is necessary only during surgical interventions;
prepare for the doctor's questions.

One more aspect worth paying attention to is medications. Antibiotics taken over the previous two weeks can distort test results, so it is better to either choose another time to visit the gynecologist (a couple of weeks after the end of treatment), or warn the doctor about this. The use of medicinal suppositories must be stopped 2 days before visiting the doctor.

In the list of recommendations on how to prepare for a woman’s appointment with a gynecologist and do it correctly, there is an item on what to take with you. In public clinics and hospitals, patients must have a diaper or towel to place on the gynecological chair, and a disposable vaginal speculum (they can be purchased at pharmacies). There is no such requirement in private clinics.

Bimanual examination by a gynecologist

The third type of gynecological examination, which is carried out for every woman, involves palpating formations on the walls of the vagina, uterus and periuterine tissue. You can also evaluate the condition of the uterus itself.

A bimanual gynecological examination is carried out as follows: the doctor penetrates the vaginal opening with two fingers, and with the other hand, from the outside, gradually presses the groin area, pressing the inner walls against the fingers located in the vagina. With the help of this examination, the doctor can easily determine the condition of the woman’s arches (whether they are thickened or, conversely, narrowed).

For a detailed examination of the condition of the uterus, the doctor inserts one hand into the vagina and the other into the anus, pressing the walls of both anatomical passages against each other. This allows the doctor to determine the size and shape of the uterus, as well as the presence of any defects or tumors on it.

Normal indicators of the uterus during examination by a gynecologist

In normal conditions, the length of the uterus is up to 7 cm if the woman was not pregnant. If there has been childbirth, then its length reaches 10 cm. Any deviations in size, both smaller and larger, indicate problems, for example, a tumor, menopause, etc. If a tumor is suspected, a gynecologist necessarily prescribe additional diagnostics to the patient, usually an ultrasound of the uterus. If the ultrasound results show anatomical abnormalities, the diagnosis will be disappointing. You will have to undergo additional examination to determine the type and size of the tumor. The uterus can enlarge in an absolutely healthy woman. This indicates the approach of ovulation or pregnancy.

By the location of the uterus, the doctor can also judge the woman’s health status. Normally, it should be located opposite the entrance to the vagina and located strictly in the center. If, upon examination, its displacement or tilting at any angle is observed, then this may indicate either the presence of a tumor or the occurrence of an inflammatory process. To find out the diagnosis in more detail, the woman will need to undergo a number of additional studies.

In normal condition, the uterus has sufficient elasticity, and may well move slightly in different directions. In cases where a woman has undergone childbirth, the mobility of the uterus increases significantly, and the organ may fall out. This indicates severe damage to the internal muscles of the vagina. If the uterus, on the contrary, is inactive, this is also bad. The patient may, for example, have tissue infiltration or a tumor.

Other female organs examined bimanually

In addition to a gynecological examination of the uterus, during a bimanual examination, the gynecologist also examines the condition of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Of course, he cannot look inside, but he can feel it. If they are in normal condition, there will be no noticeable deviations. However, if a disease such as sactosalpinx is present, the doctor will feel lumps.

The last organ identified during a bimanual examination is the uterine ligaments. In a normal state they cannot be felt, but in the presence of fibroids they become clearly visible. The exception is pregnancy. If tears or scars are felt on the ligaments, the presumptive diagnosis is parametritis or infiltration.

What does an obstetrician-gynecologist do?

The best option for a woman is to find a specialist whom she trusts and will continue to see for many years to monitor changes in health or manage a disease. An obstetrician-gynecologist performs the following tasks:

conducting surveys and inspections;
pregnancy planning;
management of pregnancy and monitoring the condition of the fetus;
carrying out childbirth at all stages;
treatment of pathologies of pregnancy;
assistance in a woman’s recovery after childbirth;
relief of inflammation of the reproductive systems, treatment of injuries.

The first consultation is for the purpose of prevention and identification of possible problems. Gynecologists listen to patient complaints and find out whether tests and other additional diagnostic methods are required. Doctors pay attention to changes in a woman’s hormonal background.

Establishing the gestational age

When a pregnant woman contacts an obstetrician-gynecologist, she first determines the gestational age. Having this data, the doctor will be able to calculate the date of birth, timely schedule tests and all examinations, including ultrasound diagnostics of the fetus. There are several calculation methods. The first involves counting from the first day of the last menstruation. They also use a method for determining the gestational age by conception, by the date of the first fetal movement, by ultrasound, the day of ovulation, or conception. In the third method, a gynecological examination, obstetricians determine the gestational age based on the size of the uterus.

Repeated consultations throughout pregnancy

An obstetrician-gynecologist monitors the health of the woman and child throughout the entire pregnancy. A woman needs to register for pregnancy, preferably before 12 weeks. There are three mandatory dates on which ultrasound diagnostics of the fetal condition is performed - 12, 20 and 32 weeks. The rest of the time, a woman should visit a doctor every month.

Diagnosis of the expectant mother for chronic diseases, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy-related complications, etc.

Gynecologists recommend that women who are planning a pregnancy undergo preliminary examinations in order to avoid acute diseases and achieve remission of chronic processes. The expectant mother needs to undergo a number of specialists, undergo blood tests and smears to exclude infections that can be transmitted to the child in utero and affect its development.

Diagnosis of the fetus for developmental abnormalities and genetic diseases

The first examination of the fetus for the presence of developmental anomalies occurs at 12 weeks. At this time, you can decide to continue the pregnancy if there are developmental abnormalities, especially those incompatible with life. Examinations are carried out using ultrasound and blood sampling.

Prenatal psychological preparation

The task of a gynecologist is not only to monitor the condition of the mother and child, but also to mentally prepare the woman for the process of childbirth. Moscow and other Russian cities have long been conducting the practice of seminars in antenatal clinics and specialized centers, where they tell how to behave correctly at the time of the birth of a child and in the first month after his birth. Some specialists conduct consultations with mandatory information in person.

Postpartum care

After childbirth, a dangerous period begins for a woman, when it is important to monitor the condition of the body. Gynecologists monitor the course of the postpartum period and monitor how successfully the uterus contracts. During this period, chronic diseases may worsen in a young mother. Close monitoring continues until 8 weeks after the due date.

Rozhkova Olga Vladimirovna Obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductive specialist, ultrasound doctor

Ramazanov Murad Ramazanovich Surgeon, obstetrician-gynecologist

Recto-vaginal examination by a gynecologist

This type of diagnosis is considered additional and is carried out only in postmenopausal patients or if diseases of the uterine appendages are suspected. In terms of its effectiveness, such a study is close to a bimanual examination.

During a recto-vaginal examination, the doctor examines the internal walls of the vagina, colon and the condition of the genital septum. The examination is carried out as follows: one finger is inserted into the vaginal opening, and the second into the anus. With the help of light pressure, the walls of the two anatomical passages are pressed against each other.

During a recto-vaginal gynecological examination, the doctor can determine the degree of mucous membrane of each membrane, the presence of tumors, and deformities. After the fingers are removed from both holes, the gynecologist examines the gloves for traces of blood, pus, and discharge. With the help of a recto-vaginal examination, if there is a tumor inside the vagina, it is possible to determine whether it belongs specifically to the reproductive system.

Why is it better to contact the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences?

Professional ethics requires special delicacy and sensitivity from gynecologists. These qualities are especially noticeable among highly experienced, highly qualified doctors working at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It has everything for the comfort of patients - excellent equipment, its own laboratory, cozy doctor’s offices and a calm, friendly atmosphere, in which going to the gynecologist becomes not at all scary.

The clinic uses both time-tested classical diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as innovative ones that give excellent results. At the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, you can undergo a preventive examination, make a conclusion for a medical book, visit a gynecologist for a routine check-up and receive effective help in case of problems. In the center of obstetrics and gynecology of the clinic, the best gynecologists - doctors of the highest category, doctors, candidates of medical sciences and professors receive consultations.

Bacteriological examination during examination by a gynecologist

This type of examination by a gynecologist is fundamentally different from all of the above, since the doctor does not study the structure of organs and their appearance, he is interested in the composition of the mucus and flora of the mucous membrane, taken by smear. This analysis provides extensive information about the presence of a particular disease in the patient’s genital area. What is especially important is that the doctor receives information about the pathogen, so he can quickly take effective measures. Another function of bacteriological analysis is to identify the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Knowing what can be used to destroy the infection, it will be easy to cope with it.

How a gynecologist takes a smear for examination

To conduct any of the above tests, the gynecologist takes a smear from the subject. A smear can be taken from the vagina, cervical canal, or urethra.

Smear collection is carried out in the following sequence:

Discharge from the urethra
. Before taking a smear, the gynecologist prepares the urethra by massaging it for 5 to 10 minutes with one finger from the side of the vaginal opening. Next, an absorbent tampon is inserted for 30 seconds. The immersion depth of a sterile swab is up to 2 cm.
Vaginal discharge
. In this case, no preliminary preparation measures are required - the vagina is always moisturized. The gynecologist collects discharge from the posterior vaginal vault with a special spatula.
Discharge from the cervical canal
. The gynecologist uses speculums to expose the uterus. The surface of the uterus is treated dry with a sterile absorbent swab. After this, a special probe is inserted into the uterus - it collects fluid from the cervical canal.

The resulting material is studied under a microscope. Depending on the symptoms and complaints, the research method is selected.

What does a gynecologist determine in a smear?

During bacterioscopic analysis, the doctor determines:

Leukocytes
. Particular attention is paid to their quantity and concentration. At the first stage of density, the smear will be quite clean, and the number of leukocytes will not exceed 5 pcs. In the second stage, the number of leukocytes is from 5 to 15. At the third stage, the smear is very thick and contains up to 25 leukocytes. In the fourth stage, the number of leukocytes exceeds 25. In the last two cases, the gynecologist prescribes additional tests for the patient, since all signs indicate a strong inflammatory process.
Microflora.
According to the state, the microflora can be bacillary (considered the generally accepted norm, in which the patient does not experience abnormalities) and coccal (clearly indicating the presence of an infection in the body);
Gonococci, fungi, trichomonas
. There will be no pathogenic microorganisms in a smear of a healthy woman, and opportunistic microorganisms (candida fungi, commonly called thrush) do not exceed the norm.

Even this information is enough for an examination by a gynecologist to be considered effective.

When to go to the gynecologist?

First of all, you need to go to the gynecologist on time. The first visit should take place before the onset of sexual activity, immediately after the end of puberty. After this, it is advisable to visit a gynecologist at least twice (at most once) times a year. The postmenopausal period should not be an exception; at this age, the risk of cancer increases and regular monitoring is more important than ever.

The key point is the choice of your personal gynecologist and the medical institution where you will be observed (obviously, the first determines the second - the gynecologist’s place of work cannot be changed at your sole request). The latter is of no small importance. Even a highly qualified specialist is unlikely to be able to provide you with a good level of service in the absence of proper “technical support”. The availability of modern laboratory and instrumental research methods largely determines the possibilities of diagnosis and, as a consequence, correct treatment.

Ideally, you should be treated by the same doctor, chosen by you once and for all and who knows thoroughly all the features of your body.

Gynecological examination with colposcopy

During this procedure, a gynecologist examines the woman's internal organs - the cervix, vagina and vulva. The examination is carried out using a special device - a colposcope. A gynecological examination with a colposcope is an accessible and informative procedure. The process is absolutely painless.

How is a repeat appointment with a gynecologist?

After the initial consultation, the doctor may recommend that the patient come for a follow-up examination. It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the therapy, as well as decipher the results of the studies completed with further adjustment of treatment.

A repeated appointment with a gynecologist includes:

consultation on examination results;
gynecological examination;
Consultative conversation on gynecological issues.

When colposcopy is prescribed, contraindications

As a rule, examination with a colposcope is recommended every six months, but it is not mandatory for healthy women. Colposcopy is required if significant abnormalities are detected as a result of the analysis of the LBC smear or PAP test.

Colposcopy is also prescribed if:

warts in the genital area;
cervical erosion;
inflammation of the cervix at any stage;
suspicion of cancer in the vagina;
uterine cancer;
significant changes in the shape and size of the vulva;
cancerous tumor on the vulva;
precancer, vaginal cancer.

There are no contraindications for this study, but the doctor will not do the examination on critical days and during pregnancy unless there are serious indications for this.

The gynecologist will prescribe an examination with a colposcope during pregnancy if the procedure cannot be postponed until the baby is born, due to a serious threat to the health of the expectant mother. Naturally, the examination by a gynecologist will be carried out with special care so as not to provoke a miscarriage.

Preparation for colposcopic examination

Before performing a colposcopy, the gynecologist will give the following recommendations:

Abstinence from sexual activity, even with a regular partner, for at least three days before the study;
If there are any diseases or inflammatory processes on the genitals, the woman is strictly recommended to refrain from treating them with suppositories and other vaginal remedies. Treatment can be continued after a gynecological examination.
If you are hypersensitive to pain, you can take a painkiller tablet before the examination. Your doctor will prescribe pain medication.

As for the date of appointment for colposcopy, it is determined solely by the gynecologist.

How is a gynecologist examined with a colposcope?

Colposcopy is a routine gynecological examination with enhanced imaging. It is carried out in a completely non-contact way, using a modern device with a built-in microscope and static lighting, with lenses. An examination by a gynecologist in a modern clinic using a colposcope is the norm in Europe!

The device is installed on a special tripod in front of the woman’s vaginal opening. Next, the gynecologist, using a built-in microscope, examines the vaginal tissues under very high magnification, which makes it possible to note even the smallest changes in them. Lighting also helps the gynecologist. The gynecologist, by changing the angle of the light source, can examine scars or folds on the vaginal lining from all angles.

Typically, colcoscopy is performed with a detailed examination of the cervix and vulva. To better examine the surfaces, the gynecologist first removes the discharge using a tampon. Then, to prevent subsequent discharge, the surface of the cervix is lubricated with a 3% solution of acetic acid. If such preparation is not carried out, then, unfortunately, it will not be possible to obtain accurate results. There is no need to be afraid of this moment - the most a woman feels during a gynecological examination is a slight burning sensation in the vagina.

Why should you choose MEDIONA PARNAS?

Professionalism of the staff.

The doctors of the multidisciplinary clinic “MEDIONA PARNAS” have extensive experience in the field of gynecology. Constantly improving their professional level allows specialists to achieve significant success in their activities.

Modern equipment.

The clinic’s high-tech equipment helps doctors diagnose any, even the most minor, disturbances in the functioning of a woman’s reproductive system, which can subsequently lead to serious health problems.

Individual approach.

The activities of MEDIONA PARNAS employees are based on the principles of responsibility and attentive attitude towards each patient. Before prescribing treatment, doctors carefully study the clinical picture and select methods taking into account the structure and functioning of the woman’s body.

What will an examination with a gynecologist with a colposcope show?

As mentioned earlier, a colposcope allows the doctor to examine even the smallest changes in the structure and color of the epithelial cells of the vagina, which means it is able to detect any ailments at an early stage of development.

One of the most common diseases detected by a gynecologist with a colposcope is cervical erosion. Characteristic symptoms of erosion are uneven coloring, disruption of the epithelial layer, bleeding, etc.
Another disease that can be detected with a colposcope is ectopia. With ectopia, the doctor observes significant changes in the shape and color of the epithelium. This is a precancerous condition.
A pathology that is easily detected during examination with a colposcope is polyps. These are outgrowths of different sizes and shapes. Polyps are dangerous and can quickly increase in size, so they are removed.
No less dangerous are papillomas that populate the walls of the vagina. These formations can develop into cancer. Papillomas easily reveal themselves when a 3% acetic acid solution is applied to them - they turn pale.
During colposcopy, the doctor may see thickening of the inner lining of the vagina, which indicates the presence of leukoplakia. If treatment for this pathology is not started in time, tumors may form on the cervix.

The most dangerous disease detected by colposcopic examination during examination by a gynecologist is cervical cancer. If this disease is detected, a biopsy is performed immediately without fail.

Complications, consequences after a gynecological examination with colposcopy

Colposcopy usually does not cause any complications. The normal condition of a woman after a colposcopy procedure is light bleeding.

In rare cases, one of the bleeding options may occur. In this case, you need to urgently contact a gynecologist. Another unpleasant symptom of incipient inflammation is severe cutting pain in the lower abdomen.

What's next?

Upon completion of the gynecological examination, a crucial moment for you comes. After the doctor has finished filling out the medical record, it is your turn to ask questions - the actual consultation with the gynecologist, a dialogue with the doctor.

You can finally ask the gynecologist about what he saw and felt, what is your supposed diagnosis and the causes of the disease. It is often difficult to remember everything your doctor has told you. In our clinic, each doctor is required to issue you an official medical report after each visit. In it, the gynecologist will write down examination data, necessary tests, diagnosis, all recommendations and medications that should be taken.

You must have complete information about your health, so all the finished results of tests and examinations will definitely be given to you. Don’t be afraid of visiting a gynecologist, don’t put off your visit, follow the recommendations you receive, and you can be sure that everything will be fine in this one of the most important areas of your health.

Your gynecologist is your friend, and together you can solve any problem.

Examination by a gynecologist with biopsy

The most important test prescribed for girls and women in gynecology is a biopsy. A biopsy is not considered a mandatory test during a gynecological examination, and is carried out on an individual doctor’s prescription. Its task is to confirm or refute the diagnosis of cancer. If the gynecologist recommends a biopsy, there is no need to panic - often the examination shows that the tumor is associated with inflammation or other processes.

Preparing and performing a biopsy

Diagnostics does not require additional preparation and involves taking biomaterials from the woman’s internal genital organs. A gynecological examination with biopsy is painless and lasts no more than 20 minutes. The tissues are examined under a microscope in the laboratory. The gynecologist will be able to announce the results of the study only after 2 weeks.

In total, there are about 13 different types of biopsies, only 4 of them are used in gynecology. These techniques are the most effective and informative when examining the female reproductive system:

Incision type - made by scalpel incision of internal tissues;
Targeted type - carried out by colposcopy or hysteroscopy;
Aspiration type - extraction of the material necessary for research by aspiration - vacuum suction;
Laparoscopic type - taking material for research using special equipment. This analysis is taken from the ovaries.

Before the biopsy, you will need to donate blood and urine to exclude complications after the procedure.

What laboratory tests does an obstetrician-gynecologist order?

The gynecologist prescribes mandatory tests for pregnant women and patients with abnormalities in the functioning of the reproductive organs. Laboratory tests that may be ordered include:

Analysis of urine;
clinical blood test;
coagulogram;
blood chemistry;
blood group and Rh factor testing;
analysis for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis;
blood test for TORCH infections;
screening during pregnancy, double test during pregnancy to exclude chromosomal abnormalities
ECG
Consultations of related specialists