Anti-TPO (antibodies to microsomal thyroid peroxidase)

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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin)

A glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the formation and secretion of thyroid hormones (T3, T4).

They enter the body with food and are also synthesized by cells of adipose tissue, liver, and intestines. They do not circulate freely, but are bound to proteins and transported in the form of macromolecular complexes - lipoproteins. They are the main lipids of fatty deposits and food products. The triglyceride molecule contains triatomic glycerol and 3 residues of higher fatty acids, mainly palmitic, stearic, linoleic and oleic.

It is produced by basophils of the anterior pituitary gland under the control of thyroid-stimulating hypothalamic releasing factor, as well as somatostatin, biogenic amines and thyroid hormones. Increases vascularization of the thyroid gland. Increases the supply of iodine from blood plasma to thyroid cells, stimulates the synthesis of thyroglobulin and the release of T3 and T4 from it, and also directly stimulates the synthesis of these hormones. Enhances lipolysis.

There is an inverse logarithmic relationship between the concentrations of free T4 and TSH in the blood.

TSH is characterized by daily fluctuations in secretion: blood TSH reaches its highest values ​​at 2 - 4 am, the highest level in the blood is also determined at 6 - 8 am, the minimum TSH values ​​occur at 17 - 18 pm. The normal rhythm of secretion is disrupted when awake at night. During pregnancy, the concentration of the hormone increases. With age, the concentration of TSH increases slightly, and the amount of hormone emissions at night decreases.

Limits of determination:

0.0025 mU/l - 100 mU/l.

Development plan

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And new widgets - including Market and Zen widgets
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Detailed description of the study

Thyroid peroxidase is a glycoprotein enzyme found in the epithelial cells of the thyroid follicles. It carries out the oxidation of iodides to “active” iodine and iodination of tyrosine, subsequently the precursors of thyroid hormones are formed (T4 predominates). Determination of the level of autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase is used as a marker of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, as an indicator of the risk of developing postpartum thyroiditis. Thyroid function decreases mainly due to decreased T4 secretion.

Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase are specific immunoglobulins directed against the enzyme contained in the cells of the thyroid gland and responsible for the formation of the active form of iodine for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. They are a specific marker of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The thyroid enzyme thyroid peroxidase plays a key role in the formation of thyroid hormones. Thyroid peroxidase is involved in the formation of the active form of iodine, without which the biochemical synthesis of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 is impossible. The appearance of antibodies to this enzyme in the blood disrupts its normal function, resulting in a decrease in the production of the corresponding hormones. Hypothyroidism manifests itself in the form of symptoms such as weight gain, goiter, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, and increased sensitivity to cold. Hyperthyroidism is accompanied by sweating, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, tremors in the limbs, weakness, sleep disturbances, weight loss, and exophthalmos. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are the most sensitive test for detecting autoimmune thyroid disease. Usually their appearance is the first shift that is observed in the course of developing hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Detection of AT-TPO during pregnancy indicates the risk of developing postpartum thyroiditis in the mother and a possible impact on the development of the child.

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Support for Turbo pages on a wider class of mobile screens - so that your Turbo pages look equally good not only on mobile, but also on tablets.

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How to properly prepare for research

The test for antibodies to TPO is carried out from venous blood. We recommend:

• donate blood during the period from 8 to 11 am, on an empty stomach, after an 8-12 hour overnight fasting period;
• on the eve of the study - a light dinner with limited intake of fatty foods;
• on the day of the test, drink still water and it is better to avoid coffee and tea;
• 24 hours before the test, exclude alcoholic beverages;
• 1 hour before the test it is better to refrain from smoking;
• 24 hours before the study, exclude the use of medications (in consultation with the attending physician);
• 24 hours before the test, eliminate emotional and physical stress;
• do not donate blood immediately after radiography, ultrasound, massage, endoscopic and physiotherapeutic procedures;
• Rest for 10-20 minutes before donating blood.

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Improved automatic recommendation feed. The feed has proven to be an excellent tool for increasing user engagement, and we will continue to improve its effectiveness.

Working with comments - the ability to monitor the list of articles on which the latest comments appeared, as well as turn comments on and off separately for specific articles.

Free thyroxine (free T4)

The most important stimulator of protein synthesis.

Produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). It is the predecessor of T3. By increasing the basal metabolic rate, it increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all tissues of the body, with the exception of the tissues of the brain, spleen and testicles. Increases the body's need for vitamins. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases calcium excretion in urine, activates bone turnover, but to a greater extent, bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system.

During the day, the maximum concentration of thyroxine is determined from 8 to 12 hours, the minimum - from 23 to 3 hours. During the year, maximum T4 values ​​are observed between September and February, and minimum values ​​are observed in the summer. Women have lower thyroxine concentrations than men. During pregnancy, the concentration of thyroxine increases, reaching maximum values ​​in the third trimester. Levels of the hormone in men and women remain relatively constant throughout life, decreasing only after 40 years.

The concentration of free thyroxine, as a rule, remains within the normal range in severe diseases not related to the thyroid gland (the concentration of total T4 may be reduced!).

An increase in T4 levels is facilitated by high serum bilirubin concentrations, obesity, and the use of a tourniquet when drawing blood.

Limits of determination:

5.1 pmol/l - 77.2 pmol/l.

Free triiodothyronine (free T3)

Thyroid hormone stimulates the exchange and absorption of oxygen by tissues (more active than T4).

Produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland under the control of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). In peripheral tissues it is formed during deiodination of T4. Free T3 is the active part of total T3, accounting for 0.2 - 0.5%.

T3 is more active than T4, but is found in the blood in lower concentrations. Increases heat production and oxygen consumption by all body tissues, with the exception of brain tissue, spleen and testicles. Stimulates the synthesis of vitamin A in the liver. Reduces the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, accelerates protein metabolism. Increases calcium excretion in urine, activates bone turnover, but to a greater extent, bone resorption. It has a positive chrono- and inotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates reticular formation and cortical processes in the central nervous system.

By 11–15 years, the concentration of free T3 reaches adult levels. In men and women over 65 years of age, there is a decrease in free T3 in serum and plasma. During pregnancy, T3 decreases from the first to the third trimester. One week after delivery, serum free T3 levels return to normal. Women have lower concentrations of free T3 than men by an average of 5 - 10%. Free T3 is characterized by seasonal fluctuations: the maximum level of free T3 occurs from September to February, the minimum in the summer.

Limits of determination:

1.5 pmol/l - 46.1 pmol/l.