One of the most common reasons for visiting a gynecologist is diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse. Such diseases are also commonly called sexually transmitted infections . Today, science knows about more than 20 types of pathogens of this infection. As a rule, such pathogens are viruses, bacteria, skin parasites and fungi, which tend to enter the human body during sexual intercourse. Treatment of infections that occur on the female genital organs is the responsibility of gynecology.
How does infection occur?
The content of the article
Sexually transmitted diseases are a group of infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact: vaginal, oral or anal. In rare cases, infection occurs when using contaminated items - wet towels, sponges or intimate accessories.
Factors that increase the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases include having a large number of sexual partners, not using condoms, and substance abuse, which increases risky sexual behavior.
Refusal of condoms
It has been proven that people aged 15 to 24 years, with low financial status, living in large urban agglomerations, as well as homosexual men who do not remain in permanent relationships most often suffer from sexually transmitted diseases.
Treatment method. Modern methods
Currently, the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in gynecology is practiced using three methods:
- - treatment with antibiotics;
- — pathogenetic therapy;
- - local procedures.
The use of antibiotics in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections can guarantee a fairly quick effect. However, it is worth considering that such medications can only be prescribed by a gynecologist on an individual basis. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable and can lead to a worsening of the patient’s condition. Therefore, taking antibiotics is possible only after a thorough diagnosis carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
Pathogenetic therapy is most often aimed at enhancing the patient’s immune system. As a rule, as part of this therapy, the gynecologist prescribes various vitamins to the infected person, as well as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
Local treatment involves not only the prescription of drugs aimed at strengthening the immune system, but also physiotherapeutic procedures that will improve the patient’s condition.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is caused by the gram-negative bacteria Neisseria gonorrhea. Infection almost always occurs through sexual contact. A special case is when a sick mother infects her child during childbirth. Extrasexual infections are extremely rare and can occur as a result of using contaminated items, such as a damp sponge or towel (the bacteria can survive on them for 3 to 24 hours).
Gonorrhea in women is most often asymptomatic, but purulent discharge, pain in the lower abdomen, burning in the vagina, menstrual irregularities and heavy menstruation may occur.
Pain in the lower abdomen
Burning genitals
In men, the disease manifests itself in the form of purulent discharge from the urethra, burning sensation and pain when urinating.
Panic and shame aside! And to see a doctor!
If you have contracted one or another sexually transmitted disease, first of all, do not panic. Calmly tell everything to your partner - husband, wife... And go to the doctor - these diseases do not go away on their own. As I already said, we will have to examine not a specifically infected patient, but an entire married couple or even several people. You can always undergo a thorough examination and receive competent advice in our Center, the capabilities of our laboratory allow you to receive test results in the shortest possible time, and if you need additional advice from a gynecologist or urologist, please... And finally... If you have random relationships from time to time, use antiseptic solutions such as “Intim-gel” or “Intim-spray”. Men insert them into the urethra, women into the vagina. I just have to warn you: they will, of course, protect you from minor infections, but most likely not from serious diseases. So, whatever one may say, there is only one reliable means of protection - a condom. And – fewer sexual partners.
Syphilis
Syphilis is caused by a spirochete bacterium. Infection occurs mainly through sexual contact (vaginal, oral, rectal). It is possible to become infected even by kissing if bacteria are present on the mucous membrane of a person’s mouth
In half of people, syphilis does not produce any symptoms, but even in its latent form it affects health and, if left untreated, damages the nervous and cardiovascular systems, bones, joints, causes mental disorders and blindness.
The disease can lead to the appearance of symptoms - at the first stage an ulcer appears on the genitals or vulva, then a rash on the palms and soles of the feet, which goes away on its own. Then the disease continues hidden.
Joint damage
Rash on feet
Contraception, contraception and contraception again
The main way to avoid infection is contraception, and not pills or suppositories, but a condom. When momentary pleasure is put on one side of the scale, and on the other is the risk of catching the most banal venereal infection (not to mention HIV infection) with subsequent inflammation, which can result in infertility and lifelong tragedy for someone, then as they say, decide for yourself. Russians need to radically change their attitude towards this problem. Believe me, she is extremely serious. Boys and girls aged 20-25 often come to me and often, when I tell them about the need for contraception, they grin: “Yes, this will not threaten us in life!” And in vain: the angelic appearance of your partner is by no means a guarantee that he does not have sexually transmitted diseases. And if they happen... Then the collapse of hopes and illusions occurs and problems begin. Let's take a simple example. You become infected with a simple herpes virus from your partner and are no longer glad that you had a relationship with him. What if a person develops condylomas on the genitals after sexual intercourse? Yes, he will forget about sex for many months and will only beg the doctors for any money to rid him of this virus once and for all. But a cure, alas, will not happen overnight.
Chancroid
Venereal ulcers, also known as soft ulcers, are more common in men than women. The cause of formation is the bacteria Haemophilus ducreyi. The main symptom of the disease is a painful ulceration on the genitals, which looks like a lentil grain with a bright red border. The disease is accompanied by swollen lymph nodes.
Peptic ulcer infection is rare in developed Europe; it is more often diagnosed in developing countries, and, alas, in Russia.
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
Non-gonococcal urethritis is more common in women. It is provoked in most cases by the bacterium chlamydia - Chlamydia trachomatis (30% of cases), less often by vaginal trichomonas Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma genitalium.
Symptoms that can occur in both men and women include frequent urge to overfill the bladder, pain and burning when urinating. In addition, women may experience unpleasant vaginal discharge and purulent discharge from the urethra in men.
Bladder fullness
Discharge
AIDS
AIDS is the final stage of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the initial stage, the disease has no symptoms and can remain hidden for up to 10 years. Only at a late stage does AIDS cause an outbreak of diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cancer.
The most common cause of infection is sexual contact. Infection can also occur through blood (for example, when using unsterile medical instruments) and during childbirth, when the mother infects her newborn baby.
People who have sex with multiple partners should be tested regularly for HIV, as the absence of symptoms can lead to unwitting infection of others.
Genital herpes
HSV-2 is responsible for the development of genital herpes. It initially appears as small groups of painful blisters located around the genitals or anus. The blisters enlarge for 1-2 weeks and then burst and transform into small ulcers.
Treatment consists of oral antiviral medications and lubricating the affected areas with anti-inflammatory ointments.
Antiviral oral drugs
Pregnant women who are carriers of the herpes virus are advised to deliver by cesarean section to eliminate the risk of infection of the newborn.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis is an acute contact inflammation of the skin, which is always caused by strong physical or chemical irritants: friction, heat, cold, acids, alkalis, and some toxins. Only that part of the skin that had direct contact with the mentioned harmful factors is affected.
Regardless of the cause of dermatitis, pain, redness and swelling of the skin, and sometimes blisters, occur in the first minutes and hours of the disease.
Symptoms of dermatitis
Treatment
Contact with the skin irritant must be eliminated immediately. The part of the skin affected by chemical exposure should be immediately washed with warm water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then lubricated with flucinar, lorindene, gramicidin or sprayed with an aerosol of oxycyclosol, half-cortolone. A loose bandage is applied to deeply affected skin; the blisters are not touched, so as not to cause infection. The victim is advised to drink plenty of fluids. For pain relief, analgin with diphenhydramine is prescribed, 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. In severe cases, when a large area of skin is affected and the temperature rises, you should consult a doctor.
Genital warts (HPV)
Genital warts are a consequence of a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The infection manifests itself in the form of papules and papillae located around the anus and genitals (both externally and internally, such as the vagina).
In more rare cases, condylomas can occur in the mouth - on the tongue, on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, larynx, and lips. Untreated condylomas eventually turn into cauliflower-like growths with a whitish tint. Papillomas can develop into cancer, since the papilloma virus is the main source of cervical cancer. In men, it causes penile cancer.
Treatment involves the use of antiviral ointments, creams and cryotherapy (freezing). In case of large lesions, laser removal is necessary.
Sexually transmitted infections
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Hidden infections. Symptoms, signs and treatment.
What are hidden infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
To date, the list of sexually transmitted infections (STIs or STDs) includes 31 pathogens: 15 types of bacteria, 10 types of viruses, 3 types of protozoa, 1 type of fungus and 2 types of ectoparasites. Some of the most well-known STIs include gonorrhea and syphilis (both bacteria), herpes, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Common infections include chlamydia, mycoplasma, viral hepatitis, and cytomegalovirus. Do not forget about opportunistic bacteria, which under various conditions can be pathogenic and sexually transmitted. Some infections are called “hidden” because the diseases they cause most often occur with very few symptoms and people may not even notice they have them until complications develop. Chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, gardnerellosis, candidiasis, herpes, human papillomavirus and others can occur “hiddenly”. Currently, we can say that there is an epidemic outbreak of sexually transmitted infectious diseases in Russia. The reason for such a rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases is the low sexual culture of the population in terms of mandatory diagnosis of these diseases after casual sexual contacts. Experts say that if every man is diagnosed after every casual sexual contact, then in Moscow alone, up to 3,000 cases of syphilis, 15,000 gonorrhea and 4,000 chlamydia per day could be prevented. Last year alone, more than 2 million people were infected with sexually transmitted diseases.
How does the process of contracting sexually transmitted infections occur?
Most often, infection occurs during sexual intercourse, and not only during genital contact, but with the same probability during oral or anal contact. From the moment of infection to the development of the disease, at least 3 days pass, and on average from 7 to 14 days. This period is called the incubation period. Although in some cases it can last for months. As a rule, in the first 3 days after infection, it is difficult to identify chlamydia and other “hidden” infections even with the most sensitive diagnostic methods.
How to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections?
What should you do if you suspect you have a sexually transmitted infection?
If you have had questionable sexual intercourse or found out that your sexual partner had a sexually transmitted infection, felt characteristic symptoms (discharge from the genitals, discomfort when urinating, itching in the genital area, etc.) or simply doubt whether you have a sexually transmitted infection, you must undergo a special medical examination. Never attempt to self-medicate or take advice from a non-specialist. This can lead to chronicity of the inflammatory process and the development of complications. The saddest thing is that many infections can occur hidden. The person does not know and does not realize that he is sick. He remains in the dark and can infect his partners.
Sexually transmitted infection is a problem that affects everyone! The optimal tactic is not to get sick at all! The best preventive measure for preventing sexually transmitted infections is a condom. It should be put on and taken off correctly and used for all types of sex, including oral. Through the oral cavity you can get: gonococci, chlamydia, herpes, and many other infections. But a condom does not provide a 100% guarantee. If unprotected contact does occur, there are methods of personal prevention, when the genital tract is washed with an antiseptic solution. This must be done in the first 2-4 hours after contact, not later. For some infections, special medications can be used for prevention. Their choice should be discussed with your doctor.
Do all hidden infections need to be treated?
Currently, there is no consensus among experts about the need to treat certain sexually transmitted infections. However, most doctors believe that some infections and the inflammatory diseases caused by them always require mandatory treatment for both partners, even if they are detected in only one of them. Very often it is not possible to accurately identify the infectious agent. Remember that any inflammation of the genitourinary organs can cause infertility, prostatitis, epididymitis and other problems in men.
In 1995, ureaplasma was excluded from the list of sexually transmitted diseases. But today, half of the doctors believe that this flora is normal and healthy, while others are 100 percent sure that treatment is necessary. But if a man has some problems, for example, infertility, prostatitis, epididymitis, and ureaplasma is found, then treatment is necessary. Ureaplasma is also often found in women with various inflammatory diseases, including infertility.
How difficult is it to treat sexually transmitted diseases?
There is a myth about the incurability or great difficulty of treating sexually transmitted infections and “hidden” sexually transmitted infections. In fact, there are no problems with treating these infections. With a good qualification of the doctor and knowledge of modern antibiotics and international standards for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, with the correct selection of an antibacterial drug, its dosage and duration of treatment, as well as with the patient following all the doctor’s recommendations, success is guaranteed with a probability of more than 90%. In addition to antibiotic treatment, the following are sometimes prescribed: immunostimulants, enzymes, vitamins, and physical therapy, such as transurethral laser therapy. The duration of treatment for acute and subacute sexually transmitted infections ranges from 1 to 7 days, for chronic infections it can last up to 14 days, and for complicated ones up to 1 month or more. We must remember that some infections are lifelong and cannot be completely cured.
What are the most common reasons for treatment failure for sexually transmitted infections?
The most common cause is re-infection, which occurs as a result of new sexual intercourse during treatment, lack of treatment of the sexual partner, or sexual contact without using a condom by a married couple undergoing treatment. Other reasons for unsuccessful treatment of sexually transmitted infections are incorrect diagnosis, incorrectly selected antibacterial drug, violation of treatment by the patient and resistance of the infection to the antibiotic. A modern doctor must know the latest and most truthful data on antibiotic sensitivity and antibiotic resistance of various pathogens, including sexually transmitted ones. Sometimes doctors exaggerate or downplay the resistance of “hidden infections” to antibiotics, without knowing the real picture. All this leads to improper treatment of patients and reinforces the myth about the difficulty of curing hidden infections.
What complications cause sexually transmitted infections?
Under no circumstances should you self-medicate or take “magic pills”; this can lead to irreversible consequences and transfer the disease to a chronic stage, the treatment of which is extremely difficult. Chronic forms of sexually transmitted diseases lead to damage to the nervous system, bones, brain, intestines, and cardiovascular system, and cancer develops. There may be other very serious consequences - infertility (in both men and women), acute conditions requiring surgical intervention, intrauterine infection of the fetus, disruption of pregnancy and childbirth, the birth of a non-viable or sick child, or even the death of the infected person. . Possible complications of sexually transmitted infections in men can be: infertility, epididymitis, narrowing (stricture) of the urethra, prostatitis, urethritis and others. Urogenital chlamydia accounts for up to 60% of all non-gonorrheal urethritis in men. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas cause up to 30% of all urethritis, but trichomonas account for no more than 3%. The most common complication of chlamydia in men is epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis). In women, these are some diseases of the cervix, salpingitis (inflammation of the appendages) and tubal infertility. Chlamydia can cause serious pathology in the fetus and newborn, and can cause pelvioperitonitis and perihepatitis in women. Chlamydia also leads to Reiter's disease - severe damage to the joints and eyes.
What should you do after completing the course of treatment for a sexually transmitted infection?
Monitoring the cure of infections is carried out no earlier than 10-14 days after finishing taking the antibiotic. The patient should be aware that some symptoms of the disease may remain for several weeks and even months after successful treatment. It is possible to resume sexual activity without a condom with a regular sexual partner (partner) only after a follow-up examination that shows the absence of infections and inflammatory processes.
How reliable are the methods for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections?
Laboratory diagnosis is the main test for prescribing adequate treatment. The main modern methods for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence method (IFM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), isolation of pathogens in cell cultures (bacteriological culture of microflora with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics) and others. Their reliability and reliability is about 90%. However, given the shortage of funds, not all laboratories in our country have sufficiently high-quality reagents and equipment.
How do government institutions differ from private clinics? Is it possible to get tested for sexually transmitted infections anonymously?
Now you can be examined anonymously in both public and private clinics. This is your complete right, no one will force you to show your passport or register you without your consent. But in terms of the quality of diagnostic equipment, private laboratories are better. Sometimes, in order to save money, patients go to municipal structures and do not always come satisfied with the quality of service and attitude towards them. It’s impossible to say for sure, it’s a matter of taste.
What list of tests should be taken during the initial examination?
There are many infections that can be sexually transmitted. Sometimes it is recommended to get tested for the most common of them. In some cases, we look at the minimum list of diseases - gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis. But since many infections are asymptomatic, a general smear from the urethra (urethra) is usually performed for microscopy to assess the degree of the inflammatory process; PCR diagnostics from the urethra usually covers about 12 types of sexually transmitted infections; bacteriological culture from the urethra with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics - for individual selection of the most effective antibacterial drug. It is important to remember that when taking tests for sexually transmitted infections, it is advisable not to urinate for 1.5 - 2 hours, so as not to complicate the diagnosis of pathogens of sexually transmitted infections.
How dangerous is chlamydia?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 8% of women and up to 10% of sexually active men are infected with chlamydia in European countries. Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and one of the most hidden, as it is usually asymptomatic. Chlamydia is a microscopic parasite that can lead to infertility over time in both men and women. In women, chlamydia infects the cervix and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic inflammatory disease develops in 40% of women with chlamydia. In rare cases, chlamydia leads to Reiter's syndrome, especially in young men, which leads to eye infections, urethritis and arthritis. The most common symptoms of chlamydia are: discharge from the penis or vagina, pain when urinating, excessive menstrual bleeding, pain during vaginal intercourse in women, bleeding between periods or after intercourse, swelling and pain in the testicles in men. However, 75% of women with chlamydia have no symptoms. Women often find out about the infection when their partner has it, or when they see a doctor about infertility. Symptoms may last from 7 to 20 days. In men, chlamydia usually causes symptoms of a urethral infection. Only one in four men have no symptoms. Chlamydia is transmitted through vaginal and anal sex, as well as from mother to child. In very rare cases, it can be transmitted from the hand to the eyes if there is semen or vaginal discharge on the hand. Like many sexually transmitted infections, chlamydia increases the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex. Condoms are very effective in preventing chlamydia. Chlamydia is sometimes confused with gonorrhea and other diseases. Chlamydia can be completely cured.
How dangerous is cytomegalovirus?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus transmitted through body fluids. Like HIV, it is an incurable infection. Cytomegalovirus is very often transmitted sexually. Cytomegalovirus usually does not manifest itself in the body and is dangerous only during pregnancy, as it can be transmitted to the fetus, as well as during immunodeficiency. Cytomegalovirus infection in the vast majority of cases is completely asymptomatic. However, repeated transmission of the virus, as often happens, can cause viral activation and painful symptoms. Manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection, including those with a very low immune status, may include: enlarged lymph nodes, chronic fatigue, weakness, fever, problems with the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, chronic diarrhea, blurred vision. Cytomegalovirus is found in saliva, semen, blood, cervical and vaginal secretions, urine and breast milk. It can be transmitted through kissing and close household contact, from mother to child and blood transfusion. However, it is most often transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex. Cytomegalovirus is diagnosed by a special blood test or a PCR scraping from the urethra. This test is recommended for all people with HIV, as well as women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy. Condoms protect against CMV during vaginal, anal and oral sex, but there may be risks in other situations.
How dangerous is gonorrhea?
Gonorrhea is also a very common sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by a bacterium that can lead to infertility, arthritis and heart problems. In women, gonorrhea can cause pelvic inflammation. During pregnancy, gonorrhea can lead to miscarriage and fetal death. Gonorrhea can be asymptomatic. Symptoms in women include: frequent, sometimes painful urination, lower abdominal pain, pain during sex, vaginal discharge, arthritis. Symptoms in men include: penile discharge and pain during urination. Symptoms may appear 1-14 days after transmission of the infection. In 80% of women and 10% of men, gonorrhea is completely asymptomatic. Gonorrhea is transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex. It can be determined by analyzing a smear from the vagina, urethra, rectum or throat. Often with gonorrhea, chlamydia is also present and both infections must be treated at once. Condoms are very effective in preventing gonorrhea. Like many other sexually transmitted infections, gonorrhea several times increases the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex.
Why is hepatitis B dangerous?
Hepatitis B is easily transmitted through sexual contact, but can be prevented through vaccination. Without treatment within the first hour after birth, 90% of children born to mothers with hepatitis B also develop this virus. Hepatitis B is transmitted much more easily to people with HIV, and more often it leads to more severe consequences of HIV infection. All sexually active people, including those infected with HIV, are recommended to be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Hepatitis can go completely unnoticed. However, some people may experience: severe fatigue, headache, fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, light-colored stools, yellowing of the skin and/or whites of the eyes (“jaundice”) in the first four weeks after transmission. ). Hepatitis B is transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex, and it is also often transmitted through the use of unsterile syringes. Hepatitis B is diagnosed using a blood test. For most people, the virus disappears from the body on its own within the first 4-8 weeks. However, in 20-30% the infection becomes chronic, that is, it remains for life. Condoms reliably protect against hepatitis B during sex, but vaccination is recommended for greater protection.
Why is genital herpes dangerous?
Two types of viruses cause cold sores—herpes type 1, which usually causes cold sores, and herpes type 2, which is usually associated only with genital herpes. Both viruses are transmitted sexually. During pregnancy, herpes is associated with a risk of miscarriage, and activation of the infection during pregnancy can be dangerous for the fetus. The danger of herpes has been greatly exaggerated. The presence and even exacerbation of genital herpes is not an absolute indication for a cesarean section in a pregnant woman. The mother’s immunity reliably protects the fetus from infection. Most often, herpes is transmitted when a partner has herpes sores. Like many other viruses, herpes remains in the body for life and is an incurable infection. Herpes causes a rash with characteristic blisters, usually very painful, that can appear on the genitals, inside the vagina, on the cervix, anus, buttocks, mouth or other places. Manifestations of herpes may be accompanied by pain and itching in the affected area, burning during urination, enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, fever, headache and general malaise. Herpes can be asymptomatic for a very long time; the first manifestations of herpes may appear several years after transmission. It is necessary to follow strict hygiene when herpes rashes appear, wash your hands thoroughly after touching the sore, especially avoid touching your eyes. Manifestations of herpes become more frequent when the functioning of the immune system decreases. Therefore, in people with HIV with a low immune status, herpes manifests itself most strongly, painfully, is less treatable and can take serious forms. Herpes is transmitted through sexual contact, including touching. Unprotected oral sex can spread herpes from the mouth to the genitals. Herpes is usually transmitted by contact of the mucous membrane with sores, but there is also a risk immediately before their appearance. Sometimes herpes is transmitted even in the absence of external manifestations. The presence of genital herpes increases the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sex by 4-6 times. Herpes rashes can be confused with other infections and diseases, so it is important to have them examined by a doctor. While there is no way to cure herpes, there is treatment for its symptoms. Condoms significantly reduce the risk of herpes transmission, but do not eliminate it completely. Partners are advised to abstain from sexual activity when ulcers appear until they disappear completely. Also, small doses of antiviral medications prescribed by a doctor can reduce the risk of transmitting herpes.
How dangerous is the human papillomavirus?
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is very easily transmitted through sexual contact. There are more than 60 types of HPV. Some of them lead to the formation of genital warts - condylomas, others are completely asymptomatic. Some HPVs that do not cause symptoms are associated with an increased risk of cervical and anal cancer, so-called high-risk cancers. In people with HIV, the effects of HPV may be more severe due to a weakened immune system. In particular, such people are more likely to have genital warts, and for HIV-infected women the risk of cervical cancer is much higher. Genital warts can form on the genitals, in the anus, and rarely in the throat. They are usually painless, sometimes itchy, and often look like miniature cauliflower or moles. Without treatment, genital warts can cause discomfort. They develop faster during pregnancy, transmission of other infections, and decreased immune status. HPV is easily transmitted through vaginal and anal sex. In rare cases, HPV is passed from mother to child during childbirth. HPV is diagnosed by examining a tissue sample. To prevent cancer associated with HPV, a cytological analysis of smears of the cervical mucosa, as well as colposcopy, is performed. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent cervical cancer. Genital warts may reappear, but they can be removed surgically—by conventional surgery, laser surgery, or cryosurgery. There are also special external remedies for reducing genital warts. Condoms reduce the risk of HPV transmission, but do not eliminate the risk of transmission. A vaccine has recently become available to prevent strains of HPV associated with cancer and genital warts.
People who come into contact with animals. Should they undergo further research?
There are so-called “regional” infections. For example, in agricultural areas there is a higher risk of contracting toxoplasmosis or listeriosis, which are carried by domestic animals, as well as cattle and horses. People who keep pets at home or enjoy horse riding are advised to get tested for these infections.
What to do if you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection?
- Having an infection is not a disaster!
- With medical supervision, you can recover quickly.
- You cannot self-diagnose or self-medicate.
- Information on the Internet should not be taken as truth.
- Any appointment should be taken seriously.
- Follow the regimen and treatment plan recommended by your doctor.
- Be sure to perform control tests after treatment.
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Molluscum contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by the smallpox virus Poxviridae. In adults, it is most often transmitted sexually, less often through contact with infected objects. A characteristic symptom of this disease is the appearance of hard, translucent bulges of flesh-colored, pearl or yellow color, which are filled with a porous substance inside.
In men, the lesions are located on the penis, and in women - on the pubic mounds, labia, groin, and around the anus.
Lesions around the anus
Molluscum contagiosum is not dangerous and, as a rule, the changes caused by it disappear spontaneously after a few months. However, to avoid complications, treatment is recommended. The gynecologist and urologist prescribe special ointments and oral medications. Large lesions are excised using a laser or electric knife.
Used sources
- Dermatovenerology. National leadership. Brief edition / ed. Yu. S. Butova, Yu. K. Skripkina, O. L. Ivanova - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013. - 896 p.
- Skin and venereal diseases. Textbook for students of higher medical educational institutions. / E. S. Kozorez - M.: Publishing house VLADOS-Press, 2005. - 173 p.
- Dermatovenerology. Scientific and practical publication. / ed. A. A. Kubanova, V. A. Samsonova - M.: Publishing house "GEOTAR-Media", 2006. - 311 p.
- Syphilis and sexually transmitted infections: atlas / under general. ed. prof. N.V. Kungurova. – Ekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. Univ., 2015. – 184 p.
- Skin and venereal diseases / under. ed. O. K. Shaposhnikova. – M.: Medicine, 1985. – 368 p.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. The main route of infection is sexual intercourse, less often contact with infected objects (especially toiletries that retain moisture, for example, towels, sponges).
Symptoms of trichomoniasis occur primarily in women (men are usually asymptomatic) and include yellow-green, frothy vaginal discharge, vaginal itching and burning, pain in the urethra, and a strong urge to urinate.
Genital candidiasis
Candidiasis, or fungal infection of the genitals, is most often caused by the yeast Candida albicans. People taking antibiotics and those whose skin is damaged by friction, various types of injury, or contact with detergents are more at risk of developing the disease.
In women, candidiasis causes unpleasant itching, burning and cheese-like discharge. The disease rarely affects men, but when it develops, it causes symptoms such as burning and itching of the genitals, red spots and blisters on the foreskin, and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Eczema
Eczema is a chronic allergic inflammation of the skin that can be caused by strong irritants due to long-term exposure. As a rule, the body becomes sensitive to chemical materials widely used in everyday life or at work: detergents, synthetic fabrics, paints, thinners, some medications, especially antibiotics.
Eczema does not appear immediately, but after a while - itching, redness of the skin, rash occurs, the skin becomes wet, peels, mainly on the arms, legs, and face. The disease is not contagious, but worsens with repeated contact with the mentioned allergens, a state of nervous excitement, and alcohol consumption.
Manifestation of eczema
Treatment
For topical use, ointments such as Lorinden, Flucinar, Sinalar, and Fluorocort are used.
In case of severe itching, bandage the affected area, give diphenhydramine, diazolin or suprastin 1 tablet 2-3 times a day, sedatives: tazepam, rudotel. Do not drink alcoholic beverages.
Scabies in intimate areas
Scabies in the intimate organs are caused by an external parasite, the human scabies mite. The first symptoms of the disease appear 1-2 months after the parasite begins to exist in the body. These include, first of all, severe itching of the skin - in men around the scrotum and penis, in women in the labia and pubic area.
Scabies in the intimate area
The parasites are invisible to the naked eye and reproduce by building in the tubules of the epidermis (itch corridors) where they lay eggs. Treatment of scabies involves lubricating the infected areas with special preparations.
