Symptoms of diseases: urology, gynecology, andrology

There is a whole list of diseases that all men do not like to talk about. Although many of them know about some male diseases firsthand. For the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of such diseases, there is a urologist and a branch of medicine, which is often called male urology. Today, the section of urology that studies male diseases includes a fairly large list of pathological conditions and methods of their treatment. The main thing here is to diagnose the disease in time and consult a specialist for its treatment.

By the way, recently male urology, or rather “male” diseases, is rapidly becoming “younger”. According to medical specialists dealing with this problem, many men who feel healthy have a predisposition to the development or initial stages of various urological diseases. For example, about 40-60% of men over 25-30 years old now suffer from a disease such as prostatitis.

That is why, after 30 years, all men are recommended to regularly, at least once every 2 years, undergo examinations by a doctor in this field. And after 40 years, such examinations should become annual.

Common male diseases in urology

The field of male urology is called andrology.

Andrology includes:

• Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. One of the factors in the development of the disease is sedentary work. Prostatitis can occur in an acute form - with elevated temperature, acute pain and painful and frequent urination, but the chronic form - asymptomatic - is more common.
• Enlarged prostate (BPH). The disease causes problems with urination - weak stream, frequent urge. These symptoms in men are similar to prostate cancer, so you should consult a doctor at the first symptoms.
• Urinary incontinence is the accidental leakage of urine, a common disease, and the likelihood of getting sick increases with age. With proper treatment under the supervision of a specialist, a complete recovery is possible.
• Varicocele is a varicose vein of the spermatic cord and testicle. The reason for this diagnosis may be either a hereditary predisposition or a frequent increase in blood pressure in a vein (relevant for athletes, men suffering from chronic dysbiosis with diarrhea, etc.).

Male urological diseases and their symptoms

No man is immune from unpleasant inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. It is worth noting that hypothermia or violation of personal hygiene rules, for example, can contribute to the occurrence of such diseases.

If we talk specifically about male urological diseases, then it includes diseases such as:

• BPH
• prostatitis
• urethritis
• cystitis
• epididymitis, etc.

And although it is impossible to talk in detail about all the diseases and symptoms of male urology in one article, we will try below to briefly tell you the most important facts about these ailments and their symptoms.

• Prostate adenoma is a benign tumor that occurs in men over 30-35 years of age.
• Prostatitis is a disease of the prostate gland.
• Urethritis is a disease of the urethra, it is caused by damage to the wall of the canal by various kinds of bacteria and viruses.
• Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder.
• Epididymitis is a disease of the testicular appendage, it is characterized by an inflammatory process, swelling, swelling and hyperemia in the scrotum.

Male urological diseases can manifest as pain, itching, burning, swelling, and redness of the corresponding part of the reproductive system.

For example, an adenoma grows slowly, and therefore the symptoms of this disease may not appear for quite a long time. The main symptoms of the development of the disease are as follows: frequent urination; difficulty urinating; small amounts of urine; feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder; increased frequency of urination at night; sluggishness of the stream.

If we talk about prostatitis, there are three main categories:

1. acute prostatitis;
2. chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome,
3. chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Symptoms of prostatitis are also divided into 3 groups:

1. increased anxiety and nervousness in men, which are caused by patients’ attention being fixed on their condition.
2. disorders of sexual function of the body,
3. disorders of the genitourinary system, as well as pain in the lower abdomen.

Prostatitis is considered chronic if the disease lasts more than three months.

Only 50% of patients with chronic prostatitis experience real pain. The rest experience only weakened, “erased” symptoms. For the treatment of chronic and acute urological diseases of men, harmless and effective physiotherapy and therapy are usually used, which are aimed at suppressing infection and eliminating inflammation. It also has a strengthening effect on the entire immune system.

However, in advanced cases, surgical treatment may be required. For example, adenoma and prostatitis may well lead to malignant formations if you do not seek treatment in a timely manner at the male urology department.

Women's diseases in urology

In women, urological diseases can manifest themselves as pain in the lower abdomen with specific discharge, discomfort during sexual intercourse and urinary disorders.

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder walls. It manifests itself as difficulty urinating, it is characterized by pain and bloody discharge. Treatment should be started immediately to prevent the infection from spreading to neighboring organs.

Urethritis is an inflammatory process of the walls of the urethra. Characteristic signs are yellow-green purulent discharge. Inflammation occurs due to hypothermia, physical stress, poor hygiene and poor nutrition.

If a woman has problems with the menstrual cycle, it would be correct, in addition to observation by a gynecologist, to consult a urologist.

Diagnosis and treatment methods for diseases in these areas are fundamentally different.

Causes of male diseases

The main causes of male diseases are the following factors:

• infection;
• hypothermia;
• mental stress (stress);
• violation of hormonal status (testosterone);
• sedentary lifestyle;
• drinking alcohol, smoking;
• promiscuous sex life;
• lack of sex life (long-term business trips, sea voyages);
• maintaining an unhealthy lifestyle;
• unfavorable environmental factors, etc.

Symptoms of diseases in urology

The following signs should not be ignored:

• pain in the lower abdomen - pulling or sharp;
• frequent urge to urinate during sleep;
• small urine output when feeling full.
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• burning and pain when urinating;
• colic in the lumbar region;
• blood in urine;
• swelling of the face or legs;
• urinary incontinence.

A pregnant woman should pay special attention to her body, since the load on her body is increased.

Prevention of urological diseases

• maintaining penile hygiene;
• protection against STIs using a condom;
• in case of unprotected sexual intercourse, preventive treatment and use of antiseptics;
• lavage of the urethra after sexual intercourse;
• no hypothermia, injuries
• regular visits to the urologist.

• What inflammatory diseases of the male genital organs are most common?

The main inflammatory diseases of the male genital organs are balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin), urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), inflammation of the scrotum (testicle and its appendages, vas deferens), seminal vesicles (vesiculitis), prostatitis.

Now is the season, autumn-winter is an insidious time when hypothermia can lead to an inflammatory process.

Also, the occurrence of these diseases is caused by sexually transmitted infections, urinary tract infections, viral infections, bacterial and fungal diseases, injuries (including constant friction) and operations.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the male genital area

• congestion in the pelvis, resulting from a sedentary lifestyle;
• hypothermia;
• disharmonious sexual life: irregular sex life, too vigorous sexual activity, rare sexual activity, frequently used interrupted sexual intercourse;
• unbalanced diet, contributing to frequent constipation;
• the presence of foci of chronic infection in the body: carious teeth, chronic sinusitis, etc.;
• diabetes.

Symptoms of inflammatory diseases

• redness of the scalp and foreskin;
• swelling of the foreskin, up to complete closure of the head;
• pain, burning in the head, testicles, appendages;
• pain in the bladder, rectum;
• pain, discomfort in the urethra;
• discharge from under the foreskin (white, cheesy, mucous or purulent);
• enlargement and hardening of the testicle and/or epididymis;
• increase in body temperature.

Most diseases can occur in both acute and chronic forms. In the chronic course of the disease, the symptoms are not clearly expressed, and often the patient does not pay attention to them. In the acute form of the disease, the symptoms are more pronounced.

If any of the symptoms described above appear, contact a urologist without delay.

Diagnosis and treatment

The use of modern diagnostic methods makes it possible to clearly identify the problem and its causes during the first examination. Diagnostics at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences are carried out using high-tech devices, including those that allow taking biopsy tests during endoscopic examination. A timely diagnosed urological disease is a guarantee that its treatment will take place as quickly and effectively as possible, and the risks of recurrence of the disease are practically reduced to zero. To make an appointment with the clinic’s urologist, to find out prices or the work schedule of specialists, please call (495) 104-86-19.

Possible complications

In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment of male diseases, a number of very serious complications arise:

• impotence;
• infertility;
• transition of the disease to a chronic, intractable stage;
• acute urinary retention, when prostate adenoma completely blocks the canal and the act of urination becomes impossible;
• chronic cystitis and pyelonephritis, i.e. inflammatory changes in the bladder and kidneys;
• chronic renal failure;
• formation of stones in the bladder;
• bleeding from dilated veins of prostate adenoma, which requires urgent surgical treatment;
• sharp thinning of the muscle layer of the bladder, etc.

Any man, even in the absence of complaints from the genitourinary system, should be examined by a urologist at least once a year! This will allow you to identify possible problems in time and, with timely treatment, avoid adverse consequences.

Male infertility

The causes of male infertility can be various factors leading to dysfunction of certain organs of the genitourinary system and other systems of the human body. Cases of physical impossibility of sexual intercourse should not be classified as male infertility - they are more suitable under the definition of “erectile dysfunction”.

The most common causes of infertility:

• low sperm quality. Fertilization may be impossible in cases where, due to various congenital pathologies and unfavorable external influences (nutrition, ecology, bad habits), sperm have an irregular shape, are generated by the body in insufficient quantities or have low mobility;
• dysfunction of the prostate gland (prostate). The prostate is an important organ of the male genitourinary system. It is here that one of the secretions that make up sperm and is responsible for the viability of sperm is produced. The prostate, as a muscle, is also responsible for ejaculation. Disturbances in its functioning can be caused by blood stagnation, muscle spasms, displacement of the pelvic bones, causing circulatory problems and changes in the position of internal organs;
• injuries and diseases of the pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx. From an evolutionary point of view, the pelvic bone system also performs a protective function for the reproductive system. It contains many nerve endings of the autonomic system. Therefore, even slight displacement of bones and damage to joints can cause neurological disorders. No less dangerous is low mobility in the pelvic area, which leads to poor circulation, displacement of bones relative to each other, and disruption of neural connections.

erectile disfunction

The causes of impotence (erectile dysfunction) may be as follows:

• physical. Associated with disorders of the genitourinary system, injuries and various diseases. The reasons for the lack of “male” strength can be explained by hormonal abnormalities, disturbances in the functioning of the circulatory system or the nervous system;
• psychological. Caused by self-doubt, fear of the first sexual intercourse, fear in bed of not living up to your ideas or your partner’s fantasies. Psychogenic impotence is most often observed in young people, as well as in men with symptoms of mental and neurotic disorders;
• mixed. They assume a combination of both of the above factors, the manifestation of one against the background of the other;
• medicinal. Some drugs cause serious diseases of the genitourinary system that do not go away even after stopping their use.

Osteopathic treatment demonstrates high effectiveness in combating the causes of sexual dysfunction. Treatment of a disease associated with impaired potency may include, in addition to purely manual techniques, other types of therapy - in particular, relaxing and psychological effects that help normalize the functioning of all body systems.

Male pathologies

What a urologist treats in men is a common question among patients. The doctor's focus is:

• prostate diseases;
• varicocele;
• male infertility;
• disruption of blood vessels in the pelvic organs;
• problems with the intimate sphere of life;
• erectile dysfunction;
• deficiency of male hormones;
• sexual incompetence;
• disorders of reproductive function and spermatogenesis.

At the appointment, the specialist collects anamnesis, conducts a visual examination, and in some cases performs a rectal examination. To clarify the diagnosis, laboratory tests are prescribed.

Immunity is the best defense

Medicine has long known about the importance of immunity for protection against hidden infections and their treatment. Along with antibiotics and antifungal drugs, the basis of treatment should be all kinds of ways to increase immunity. Proper nutrition, drinking enough water, hardening and physical activity - this is what a person needs to prevent them from developing and affecting other organs even in the event of latent infections.

And, of course, we must not forget about prevention. Here, on the one hand, a lot is required of a person, and on the other, very little: to have a permanent, beloved, faithful, only sexual partner who is healthy. If it’s not fate, and you don’t have one, always use a condom, it protects against hidden infections by 95 percent.

— What should patients do who, for one reason or another, have advanced the disease?

— Today, urologists’ approaches to treatment have changed dramatically. This is facilitated by both the constant improvement of diagnostics and the emergence of new types of medical equipment. Gone are the days of open surgery with huge incisions. The surgical approach changes to an instrumental one. We introduce low-traumatic endoscopic operations, bringing them to perfection. This allows you to preserve the organ, achieve a shorter rehabilitation period, and a quick return to work capacity.

Diseases that are not “from nerves”

Sadly, many infections specifically choose to spread in the most subtle and intimate sphere of human relationships. Unlike the pathogens of hepatitis and AIDS, which can also be transmitted through blood, such harmful creatures as Trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasma, gardnerella, genital herpes virus, human papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus clearly prefer to be transmitted sexually. In addition, in the human body they usually behave much more secretively than the microbes that cause syphilis and gonorrhea. That is why, when speaking about “hidden infections,” most often they mean the causative agents of trichomoniasis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, gardnerelliosis and some viral infections. And although the incubation period for the development of these infections in the human body is usually from 5 to 30 days, in approximately 60% of people the disease proceeds latently for a long time, with virtually no visible symptoms, which is the main danger.

The most unexpected diseases

According to statistics, at least once in their life, every representative of the stronger sex visited a dermatovenerologist. Moreover, even those who carefully protect themselves, in case of deviations in the functioning of the reproductive system, will first of all go to this specialist. What “surprises” does this doctor most often find?

The most popular sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are syphilis, chlamydia and human papillomavirus. Signs of sexually transmitted diseases in 80% of cases appear after unprotected sex with an unreliable partner. The period is from several days to several months.

Symptoms of STDs are:

• burning, itching, discomfort in the groin area (intensified by urination);
• rashes, ulcers, redness;
• discharge from the penis;
• formations similar to cauliflower;
• itching, rash, spots, redness of the skin.

If you notice such signs, refrain from unprotected contacts with your regular partner and seek diagnostics.